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FMCW Signals for Radar Imaging and Channel Sounding.pdf,这是一份不错的文
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FMCW Signals for Radar Imaging and Channel Sounding.pdf,这是一份不错的文
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Durham E-Theses
FMCW Signals for Radar Imaging and Channel
Sounding
RAIMUNDO, XAVIER,ZAGE
How to cite:
RAIMUNDO, XAVIER,ZAGE (2015)
FMCW Signals for Radar Imaging and Channel Sounding
, Durham
theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11205/
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Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP
http://etheses.dur.ac.uk
FMCW Signals for Radar Imaging
and Channel Sounding
Xavier Zage Raimundo
School of Engineering and Computing Sciences
Durham University
Durham, United Kingdom
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
2015
II
Abstract
A linear / stepped frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal has
for a long time been used in radar and channel sounding. A novel FMCW waveform
known as “Gated FMCW” signal is proposed in this thesis for the suppression of
strong undesired signals in microwave radar applications, such as: through-the-wall,
ground penetrating, and medical imaging radar. In these applications the crosstalk
signal between antennas and the reflections form the early interface (wall, ground
surface, or skin respectively) are much stronger in magnitude compared to the
backscattered signal from the target. Consequently, if not suppressed they
overshadow the target’s return making detection a difficult task. Moreover, these
strong unwanted reflections limit the radar’s dynamic range and might saturate or
block the receiver causing the reflection from actual targets (especially targets with
low radar cross section) to appear as noise. The effectiveness of the proposed
waveform as a suppression technique was investigated in various radar scenarios,
through numerical simulations and experiments. Comparisons of the radar images
obtained for the radar system operating with the standard linear FMCW signal and
with the proposed Gated FMCW waveform are also made.
In addition to the radar work the application of FMCW signals to radio
propagation measurements and channel characterisation in the 60 GHz and 2-6 GHz
frequency bands in indoor and outdoor environments is described. The data are used
to predict the bit error rate performance of the in-house built measurement based
channel simulator and the results are compared with the theoretical multipath
channel simulator available in Matlab.
III
List of Symbols
ε
r
Relative permittivity
ϭ Radar cross section
ϴ Antenna beamwidth
∆CR Cross-range resolution
∆f
D
Doppler resolution
∆R Down-range resolution
λ Wavelength
β Sweep rate
τ
1
, τ
2
Additional receiver’s gating sequence off-time delays
ν Velocity
A
e
Effective aperture of an antenna
A(x
i
,y
j
) Pixel’s coordinate on x and y axis
B Bandwidth
c Velocity of the electromagnetic wave in free space
C
UWB
UWB channel capacity
D
SAR
Length of the (synthetic) array
f
b
Beat-note frequency
f
c
Centre frequency
f
D
Doppler frequency
f
i
(t) Instantaneous frequency
f
s
Sampling frequency
G
R
Receiver antenna Gain
G
t
Transmitter antenna Gain
IV
I(x
i
, y
j
) Pixel’s energy / intensity
L M-sequence length
N Noise power
P
D
Power density
P
Dt
Target’s backscattered power density
P
min
Minimum detectable power at the radar receiver
P
t
Peak power at the transmitter
Pr Received power
R Range
R
max
Maximum range
SNR Signal-to-noise ratio
T Chirp duration
T
b
Bit duration
T
s
Gating sequence period
X
G
Power loss due to gating sequence
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