CppReferenceManual

cppreference.com

Table of Contents

General C/C++.....................................................................................................................8

C/C++ Pre-processor Commands ...................................................................................9

#define .......................................................................................................10

#error .........................................................................................................11

#include .....................................................................................................11

#line ...........................................................................................................11

#pragma .....................................................................................................12

auto ............................................................................................................17

bool ............................................................................................................17

break ..........................................................................................................18

case ............................................................................................................18

catch ...........................................................................................................18

char ............................................................................................................19

class ...........................................................................................................19

const ..........................................................................................................20

const_cast ..................................................................................................20

continue .....................................................................................................20

enum ..........................................................................................................23

explicit .......................................................................................................24

export .........................................................................................................24

extern .........................................................................................................24

false ...........................................................................................................24

float ............................................................................................................25

for ..............................................................................................................25

friend .........................................................................................................26

goto.............................................................................................................26

if ................................................................................................................26

Page 1

cppreference.com

operator ......................................................................................................30

private ........................................................................................................30

protected ....................................................................................................31

public .........................................................................................................31

register .......................................................................................................31

reinterpret_cast ..........................................................................................31

return .........................................................................................................32

short ...........................................................................................................32

signed .........................................................................................................32

this .............................................................................................................36

throw ..........................................................................................................37

true .............................................................................................................37

try ...............................................................................................................37

typedef .......................................................................................................38

typeid .........................................................................................................38

typename ....................................................................................................38

union ..........................................................................................................39

unsigned .....................................................................................................39

using ..........................................................................................................40

C/C++ Data Types.........................................................................................................46

Type Modifiers...........................................................................................46

Type Sizes and Ranges...............................................................................47

ASCII Chart...................................................................................................................48

Constant Escape Sequences..........................................................................................52

Standard C Library.............................................................................................................53

Standard C I/O...............................................................................................................54

clearerr .......................................................................................................55

fclose .........................................................................................................55

feof .............................................................................................................55

Page 2

cppreference.com

fprintf .........................................................................................................60

fputc ...........................................................................................................60

fputs ...........................................................................................................61

fread ...........................................................................................................61

freopen .......................................................................................................61

fscanf .........................................................................................................62

fsetpos ........................................................................................................63

ftell ............................................................................................................63

fwrite .........................................................................................................63

putchar .......................................................................................................68

puts ............................................................................................................69

remove .......................................................................................................69

rename .......................................................................................................69

rewind ........................................................................................................70

scanf ...........................................................................................................70

setbuf .........................................................................................................72

setvbuf .......................................................................................................72

sprintf ........................................................................................................73

sscanf .........................................................................................................74

atoi .............................................................................................................77

atol .............................................................................................................78

isalnum ......................................................................................................78

isalpha ........................................................................................................79

iscntrl .........................................................................................................79

isdigit .........................................................................................................80

isgraph .......................................................................................................80

islower .......................................................................................................81

isprint .........................................................................................................81

ispunct .......................................................................................................81

Page 3

cppreference.com

memmove ..................................................................................................84

memset ......................................................................................................85

strcat ..........................................................................................................86

strchr ..........................................................................................................86

strcmp ........................................................................................................87

strcoll .........................................................................................................87

strcpy .........................................................................................................88

strcspn ........................................................................................................88

strerror .......................................................................................................88

strstr ...........................................................................................................92

strtod ..........................................................................................................92

strtok ..........................................................................................................93

strtoul .........................................................................................................94

strxfrm .......................................................................................................94

tolower .......................................................................................................94

Standard C Math ..........................................................................................................96

abs ..............................................................................................................97

acos ............................................................................................................97

asin ............................................................................................................98

exp ...........................................................................................................101

fabs ..........................................................................................................101

floor .........................................................................................................102

fmod ........................................................................................................102

frexp ........................................................................................................102

labs ..........................................................................................................103

ldexp ........................................................................................................103

ldiv ...........................................................................................................103

log ............................................................................................................104

log10 ........................................................................................................104

Page 4

cppreference.com

tanh ..........................................................................................................107

Standard C Date & Time ............................................................................................108

asctime .....................................................................................................109

clock ........................................................................................................109

ctime ........................................................................................................110

difftime ....................................................................................................110

gmtime .....................................................................................................111

localtime ..................................................................................................111

mktime .....................................................................................................111

realloc ......................................................................................................117

Other Standard C Functions .......................................................................................118

abort .........................................................................................................119

assert ........................................................................................................119

atexit ........................................................................................................119

bsearch .....................................................................................................120

exit ...........................................................................................................120

getenv ......................................................................................................121

longjmp ....................................................................................................121

qsort .........................................................................................................122

va_arg ......................................................................................................127

C++..................................................................................................................................129

C++ I/O ......................................................................................................................130

I/O Constructors ................................................................................................131

bad ...........................................................................................................132

clear .........................................................................................................132

close .........................................................................................................133

eof ............................................................................................................133

fail ............................................................................................................134

fill ............................................................................................................134

Page 5