使以人为中心的人工智能成为一个新的结合点和共享之旅_Enabling human-centered AI A new junct
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Viewpoint
Enabling human-centered AI: A new junction and shared journey
Collaboration between the AI/Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction communities can enable human-
centered AI
Wei Xu, Marvin Dainoff
Artificial intelligence (AI) has brought benefits, but it may also cause harm if it is not appropriately
developed. Current development is mainly driven by a “technology-centered design” approach
1, 2
, causing many
failures. The AI Incident Database has documented over a thousand AI-related accidents
3
. Our viewpoint is that
developing AI must follow a human-centered AI (HCAI) approach, based on collaboration between the AI/computer
science (CS) and human-computer interaction (HCI) communities.
History is repeating now
When personal computers (PCs) emerged in the 1980s, their development followed a “technology-centered
approach,” ignoring the needs of ordinary users and causing usability problems. With an initiative primarily driven
by a collaboration by the professionals of human factors, CS, and psychology, a new field of HCI emerged. Such an
interdisciplinary collaborative field has benefited the promotion of a “human-centered design” approach. History
now seems to be repeating, having brought the AI/CS and HCI communities to a new juncture. This time the
consequences of ignoring the “human-centered design” are even more serious.
AI has unique characteristics compared to non-AI systems.
4
The AI/CS communities have recently made
huge investments in the ethics of AI systems, acknowledging the value of identifying human-centered principles that
can guide how AI systems are deployed. The HCI community has been applying the human-centered approach to
computing systems but face some challenges in applying it to AI systems.
5
How can the AI/CS and HCI
communities work together to develop human-centered AI systems?
Human-centered AI
In 2018, Stanford University established an interdisciplinary institute to initiate a “human-centered AI
(HCAI)” research theme by emphasizing on ethical AI. Further, Xu (2019) and Shneiderman (2020) proposed
comprehensive HCAI frameworks
2,1
. Specifically, Xu’s HCAI approach considers the interdependency and synergy
across the three aspects of human, technology, and ethics for developing human-centered AI systems (see Figure).
arXiv:2105. [cs.HC]
12 Nov.
2021
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