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NVM Express

Base Specification

Revision 2.0

May 13th, 2021

Please send comments to info@nvmexpress.org

NVM Express

Base Specification, revision 2.0

NVM Express

Base Specification revision 2.0 is available for download at http://nvmexpress.org. The

NVM Express Base Specification revision 2.0 incorporates NVM Express Base Specification revision 1.4,

ratified on June 10, 2019, ECN 001, ECN 002, ECN 003, ECN 004, ECN 006, ECN 007, ECN 008, NVMe

over Fabrics ECN 001, NVMe over Fabrics ECN 002, TP 4009, TP 4015b, TP 4040a, TP 4046a, TP

4047b, TP 4052c, TP 4053a, TP 4056d, TP 4059a, TP 4060, TP 4063, TP4064, TP 4065b, TP 4068b, TP

4071b, TP 4075, TP 4078, TP 4079, TP 4082, TP 4083, TP 4084, TP 4086, TP 4088, TP 4102, TP

4105a, TP 8001, TP 8006, TP 8011, TP 6016a, TP 6022, TP 6026 (refer to

https://nvmexpress.org/changes-in-nvme-revision-2-0 for details).

SPECIFICATION DISCLAIMER

LEGAL NOTICE:

This NVM Express Base Specification, revision 2.0 is proprietary to the NVM Express, Inc. (also referred

to as “Company”) and/or its successors and assigns.

NOTICE TO USERS WHO ARE NVM EXPRESS, INC. MEMBERS: Members of NVM Express, Inc. have

the right to use and implement this NVM Express Base Specification, revision 2.0 subject, however, to the

Member’s continued compliance with the Company’s Intellectual Property Policy and Bylaws and the

Member’s Participation Agreement.

NOTICE TO NON-MEMBERS OF NVM EXPRESS, INC.: If you are not a Member of NVM Express, Inc.

and you have obtained a copy of this document, you only have a right to review this document or make

reference to or cite this document. Any such references or citations to this document must acknowledge

NVM Express, Inc. copyright ownership of this document. The proper copyright citation or reference is as

citations or references to this document you are not permitted to revise, alter, modify, make any

derivatives of, or otherwise amend the referenced portion of this document in any way without the prior

express written permission of NVM Express, Inc. Nothing contained in this document shall be deemed as

granting you any kind of license to implement or use this document or the specification described therein,

or any of its contents, either expressly or impliedly, or to any intellectual property owned or controlled by

NVM Express, Inc., including, without limitation, any trademarks of NVM Express, Inc.

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:

THIS DOCUMENT AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS”

BASIS. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, NVM EXPRESS, INC.

(ALONG WITH THE CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS DOCUMENT) HEREBY DISCLAIM ALL

REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND/OR COVENANTS, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,

STATUTORY OR AT COMMON LAW, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, VALIDITY,

AND/OR NONINFRINGEMENT.

All product names, trademarks, registered trademarks, and/or servicemarks may be claimed as the

property of their respective owners.

The NVM Express

design mark is a registered trademark of NVM Express, Inc.

PCI-SIG

and PCIe

are registered trademarks of PCI-SIG.

NVM Express Workgroup

c/o VTM, Inc.

3855 SW 153

Drive

Beaverton, OR 97003 USA

info@nvmexpress.org

NVM Express
®
 Base Specification, revision 2.0 
 
iii
Table of Contents 
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 2 
1  Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 2 
2  Scope............................................................................................................................................. 3 
3  Outside of Scope ........................................................................................................................... 3 
4  Conventions ................................................................................................................................... 3 
5  Definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 6 
6  I/O Command Set specific definitions used in the NVMe Base specification ............................. 11 
7  NVM Command Set specific definitions used in this specification .............................................. 12 
8  References .................................................................................................................................. 12 
9  References Under Development ................................................................................................. 14 
THEORY OF OPERATION ............................................................................................... 15 
1  Memory-Based Transport Model ................................................................................................. 17 
2  Message-Based Transport Model ............................................................................................... 18 
3  NVM Storage Model .................................................................................................................... 21 
4  Extended Capabilities Theory ..................................................................................................... 26 
NVM EXPRESS ARCHITECTURE ..................................................................................... 30 
1  NVM Controller Architecture ........................................................................................................ 30 
2  NVM Subsystem Entities ............................................................................................................. 69 
3  NVM Queue Models .................................................................................................................... 79 
4  Command Architecture Submission and Completion Mechanism ............................................ 105 
5  Controller Initialization ............................................................................................................... 108 
6  Shutdown Processing ................................................................................................................ 115 
7  Resets........................................................................................................................................ 118 
8  NVM Capacity Model ................................................................................................................. 120 
9  Keep Alive ................................................................................................................................. 124 
10  Privileged Actions ...................................................................................................................... 126 
11  Firmware Update Process ......................................................................................................... 127 
DATA STRUCTURES ................................................................................................... 129 
1  Data Layout ............................................................................................................................... 129 
2  Feature Values .......................................................................................................................... 136 
3  Identifier Format and Layout (Informative) ................................................................................ 138 
4  List Data Structures ................................................................................................................... 140 
5  NVMe Qualified Names ............................................................................................................. 141 
ADMIN COMMAND SET ............................................................................................... 144 
1  Abort command ......................................................................................................................... 146 
2  Asynchronous Event Request command .................................................................................. 147 
3  Capacity Management command .............................................................................................. 151 
4  Create I/O Completion Queue command .................................................................................. 155 
5  Create I/O Submission Queue command.................................................................................. 156 
6  Delete I/O Completion Queue command .................................................................................. 158 
7  Delete I/O Submission Queue command .................................................................................. 159 
8  Doorbell Buffer Config command .............................................................................................. 160 
9  Device Self-test command ........................................................................................................ 161 
10  Directive Receive command ...................................................................................................... 162 
11  Directive Send command .......................................................................................................... 163 
12  Firmware Commit command ..................................................................................................... 164 
13  Firmware Image Download command ....................................................................................... 166 
14  Format NVM command ............................................................................................................. 168 

NVM Express
®
 Base Specification, revision 2.0 
 
iv 
15  Get Features command ............................................................................................................. 170 
16  Get Log Page command............................................................................................................ 173 
17  Identify command ...................................................................................................................... 238 
18  Keep Alive command ................................................................................................................. 277 
19  Lockdown command .................................................................................................................. 277 
20  NVMe-MI Receive command .................................................................................................... 279 
21  NVMe-MI Send command ......................................................................................................... 279 
22  Namespace Attachment command ........................................................................................... 279 
23  Namespace Management command ........................................................................................ 280 
24  Sanitize command ..................................................................................................................... 282 
25  Security Receive command ....................................................................................................... 285 
26  Security Send command ........................................................................................................... 287 
27  Set Features command ............................................................................................................. 287 
28  Virtualization Management command ....................................................................................... 316 
FABRICS COMMAND SET ............................................................................................ 319 
1  Authentication Receive Command and Response .................................................................... 319 
2  Authentication Send Command and Response ........................................................................ 320 
3  Connect Command and Response ........................................................................................... 321 
4  Disconnect Command and Response ....................................................................................... 325 
5  Property Get Command and Response .................................................................................... 326 
6  Property Set Command and Response..................................................................................... 327 
I/O COMMANDS ......................................................................................................... 329 
1  Flush command ......................................................................................................................... 329 
2  Reservation Acquire command ................................................................................................. 330 
3  Reservation Register command ................................................................................................ 331 
4  Reservation Release command ................................................................................................ 332 
5  Reservation Report command ................................................................................................... 333 
EXTENDED CAPABILITIES ........................................................................................... 336 
1  Asymmetric Namespace Access Reporting .............................................................................. 336 
2  Boot Partitions ........................................................................................................................... 342 
3  Capacity Management............................................................................................................... 345 
4  Command and Feature Lockdown ............................................................................................ 348 
5  Controller Memory Buffer .......................................................................................................... 349 
6  Device Self-test Operations ....................................................................................................... 351 
7  Directives ................................................................................................................................... 353 
8  Doorbell Stride for Software Emulation ..................................................................................... 362 
9  Host Memory Buffer ................................................................................................................... 362 
10  Host Operation with Asymmetric Namespace Access Reporting (Informative) ........................ 363 
11  Namespace Management ......................................................................................................... 365 
12  Namespace Write Protection ..................................................................................................... 367 
13  NVMe over Fabrics In-band Authentication............................................................................... 369 
14  Persistent Memory Region ........................................................................................................ 385 
15  Power Management .................................................................................................................. 386 
16  Predictable Latency Mode ......................................................................................................... 392 
17  Read Recovery Level ................................................................................................................ 396 
18  Replay Protected Memory Block ............................................................................................... 397 
19  Reservations .............................................................................................................................. 408 
20  Rotational Media ........................................................................................................................ 415 
21  Sanitize Operations ................................................................................................................... 416 
22  Submission Queue (SQ) Associations ...................................................................................... 419 
23  Standard Vendor Specific Command Format ........................................................................... 420 
24  Telemetry ................................................................................................................................... 420 

NVM Express
®
 Base Specification, revision 2.0 
 
v
8.25  Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) for Vendor Specific Information ................................... 424 
8.26  Virtualization Enhancements ..................................................................................................... 427 
9  ERROR REPORTING AND RECOVERY ............................................................................. 432 
9.1  Command and Queue Error Handling ....................................................................................... 432 
9.2  Media and Data Error Handling ................................................................................................. 432 
9.3  Memory Error Handling ............................................................................................................. 432 
9.4  Internal Controller Error Handling .............................................................................................. 432 
9.5  Controller Fatal Status Condition .............................................................................................. 432 
ANNEX A.  SANITIZE OPERATION CONSIDERATIONS (INFORMATIVE) ..................................... 434 
A.1  Overview .................................................................................................................................... 434 
A.2  Hidden Storage (Overprovisioning) ........................................................................................... 434 
A.3  Integrity checks and No-Deallocate After Sanitize .................................................................... 434 
A.4  Bad Media and Vendor Specific NAND Use ............................................................................. 434 
ANNEX B.  HOST CONSIDERATIONS (INFORMATIVE) ........................................................... 436 
B.1  Basic Steps when Building a Command ................................................................................... 436 
B.2  Creating an I/O Submission Queue ........................................................................................... 436 
B.3  Executing a Fused Operation .................................................................................................... 437 
B.4  Asynchronous Event Request Host Software Recommendations ............................................ 439 
B.5  Updating Controller Doorbell Properties using a Shadow Doorbell Buffer ................................ 440 
 