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arduino_pendulum_physics_lab.zip （4个子文件）

arduino_pendulum_physics_lab

arduino_pendulum_physics_lab.mlx 3.82MB

data.mat 6KB

arduino_pendulum_physics_lab.pdf 3.75MB

license.txt 1KB

Arduino Pendulum Physics Lab

Easy to build pendulum lab to acquire data from an Arduino®, analyze the data to find the period of the pendulum, and

connect theory with the experiment using symbolic calculations.

Table of Contents

Things used in this project....................................................................................................................................................... 1

Schematics................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

Acquiring and Analyzing Data.................................................................................................................................................. 2

Connecting Theory and Experiment......................................................................................................................................... 9

Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................................................14

Things used in this project

1. MATLAB Support Package for Arduino Hardware

2. Arduino Mega 2560

USB A male to B male cable 3 ft (0.9 m) long

4. Infrared emitter and detector pair

5. 330

and 10 k

resistors

6. Mini breadboard

7. M/M jumper wires x5

8. M/F jumper wires x4

9. Fender washer

10. String or fishing line

11. Adhesive Tape

12. Sheets of paper x2

Schematics

This video shows how to make the photogate origami structure.

Acquiring and Analyzing Data

Connect MATLAB® to the Arduino

a = arduino()

If you see an error message, you may have already connected MATLAB to an Arduino by running the code more than

once. You can simply ignore the error message and continue.

Click on the blue hyperlink that is displayed as output of the line above to see all of the functions (i.e. methods) available

to operate on the arduino object in MATLAB.

Specify the data pin on the Arduino (yellow wire in the schematic).

photogatePin = 'A0';

Define the number of samples to read.

numSamples = 2^10;

Initialize an empty vector for collecting voltage data

v = zeros(1,numSamples)

v = 1×1024

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Set the pendulum swinging and read the voltage in a loop.

Time how long it takes to read numSamples with tic and toc, which returns results in units of seconds.

tic

for s = 1 : numSamples

v(s) = readVoltage(a, photogatePin);

end

clockTime = toc

If you do not have an Arduino, but would like to follow along with the rest of this project, load the set of example data by

uncommenting and running the following code:

% load data.mat;

The time vector is

t = linspace(0,clockTime,numSamples);

Plot the voltage time signal.

plot(t,v);

xlabel 'time (s)';

ylabel 'voltage (V)';

To find the period of the pendulum from the voltage signal, find the peak to peak time differences.

First find the high points by thresholding the voltage by defining a logical vector

isHigh = v > mean(v);

then use the vector to logically index into t and v.

tHigh = t(isHigh);

vHigh = v(isHigh);

Plot the results.

plot(t,v,'.-',tHigh,vHigh,'o');

xlabel('time (s)');

ylabel('voltage (V)');

Compute the time between high point samples and display the set's histogram. If the pendulum swing is slow enough,

you may have multiple samples in a row that read as high points. Zoom into the voltage signal plot above to see this.

dt = diff(tHigh);

histogram(dt);

xlabel('dt');

ylabel('count');

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