OpenGL-SkyBox.zip

//总体流程 //1. 初始化并创建窗口 //2. 加载天空盒以及立方体纹理，顶点以及着色器并开启深度测试,声明响应函数 //3. 进入主循环清除缓冲 //4. 使用立方体着色器，构造并传入pvm矩阵，绘制 //5. 使用天空盒着色器，构造pv矩阵，绘制（天空盒是盖在观察者四周的，所以不需要从局部坐标转换到世界坐标的model矩阵） //6. 循环结束，释放资源 #include <iostream> #include <glad/glad.h> #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> #include <glm/glm.hpp> #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp> #include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp> #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION #include <stb/stb_image.h> #include "Camera.h"//相机类 #include "Shader.h"//着色器类 #include <vector> // 窗口大小调整的回调函数(当窗口大小改变时，视口也要改变) void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height); // 鼠标控制回调 void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos); // 滚轮控制回调 void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset); // 键盘控制回调 void processInput(GLFWwindow *window); unsigned int load_cubemap(std::vector<std::string> faces); //天空盒加载 const float vertices[] = { //立方体数组 -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; float skybox_vertices[] = { //天空盒顶点数组 -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f }; // 屏幕宽，高 const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 1280; const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 720; Camera camera(glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f)); //摄像机位置 float lastX = (float)SCR_WIDTH / 2.0, lastY = (float)SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0; // 设置鼠标初始位置为屏幕中心 bool firstMouse = true; float deltaTime = 0.0f; // 当前帧与上一帧的时间差 float lastFrame = 0.0f; // 上一帧的时间 int main() { // ---------------------初始化-------------------------- // glfw初始化，采用的GL版本为3.3核心版本 glfwInit(); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); // 创建GL窗口 GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "skybox", NULL, NULL); if (window == NULL) { std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl; glfwTerminate(); return -1; } // 指定上下文为当前窗口 glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback); glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback); glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback); //glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED); // 隐藏光标，鼠标停留在窗口内 // 初始化glad if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) { std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl; return -1; } glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//开启深度测试 Shader our_shader("res/shader/cubemap.vs", "res/shader/cubemap.fs");//加载着色器 Shader skybox_shader("res/shader/skybox.vs", "res/shader/skybox.fs"); GLuint vertex_array_object; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertex_array_object); glBindVertexArray(vertex_array_object); GLuint vertex_buffer_object; glGenBuffers(1, &vertex_buffer_object); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer_object); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float))); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); GLuint skybox_vertex_array_object, skybox_vertex_buffer_object;//绑定天空盒VAOVBO glGenVertexArrays(1, &skybox_vertex_array_object); glGenBuffers(1, &skybox_vertex_buffer_object); glBindVertexArray(skybox_vertex_array_object); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, skybox_vertex_buffer_object); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(skybox_vertices), &skybox_vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); //绑定纹理设置纹理属性 GLuint texture1; glGenTextures(1, &texture1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //加载纹理 int width, height, nrchannels;//纹理长宽，通道数 stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true); unsigned char *data = stbi_load("res/texture/CG_Sprite.jpg", &width, &height, &nrchannels, 0); if (data) { //生成纹理 glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data); glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D); } else { std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl; } stbi_image_free(data);//释放资源 std::vector<std::string> faces//加载天空盒纹理 { ("res/texture/skybox_snow/right.jpg"), ("res/texture/skybox_snow/left.jpg"), ("res/texture/skybox_snow/top.jpg"), ("res/texture/skybox_snow/bottom.jpg"), ("res/texture/skybox_snow/back.jpg"), ("res/texture/skybox_snow/front.jpg") }; unsigned int cubemap_texture = load_cubemap(faces); our_shader.Use();//使用ourShader着色器 our_shader.SetInt("texture1", 0);//传入纹理 skybox_shader.Use();//使用SkyBoxShader着色器 skybox_shader.SetInt("skybox", 0);//传入天空盒纹理 // Render loop主循环 while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { // 在每一帧中计算出新的deltaTime float currentFrame = glfwGetTime(); deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame; lastFrame = currentFrame; // 输入控制 processInput(window); glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);//清理颜色缓冲和深度缓冲 glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); //绑定纹理 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1); our_shader.Use(); // Transform坐标变换矩阵 glm::mat4 model(1);//model矩阵，局部坐标变换至世界坐标 model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); glm::mat4 view(1);//view矩阵，世界坐标变换至观察坐标系 view = camera.GetViewMatrix(); glm::mat4 projection(1);//projection矩阵，投影矩阵 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (