汽车制动系统英文文献及翻译)范本模板 (2).pdf
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Automobile Brake System 汽车制动系统
The braking system is the most important system in cars。 If the brakes fail, the result can be
disastrous。 Brakes are actually energy conversion devices ， which convert the kinetic energy
（momentum) of the vehicle into thermal energy（heat）。When stepping on the brakes, the driver
commands a stopping force ten times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion 。 The
braking system can exert thousands of pounds of pressure on each of the four brakes。
Two complete independent braking systems are used on the car。 They are the service brake
and the parking brake.
The service brake acts to slow ， stop, or hold the vehicle during normal driving. They are
foot—operated by the driver depressing and releasing the brake pedal 。 The primary purpose of
the brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is
mechanically operated by when a separate parking brake foot pedal or hand lever is set.
The brake system is composed of the following basic components: the “master cylinder”
which is located under the hood， and is directly connected to the brake pedal ， converts driver
foot’s mechanical pressure into hydraulic pressure. Steel “brake lines” and flexible “brake hoses”
connect the master cylinder to the “slave cylinders” located at each wheel. Brake fluid， specially
designed to work in extreme conditions， fills the system。 “Shoes” and “pads" are pushed by the
slave cylinders to contact the “drums" and “rotors” thus causing drag, which (hopefully ） slows
the car.
The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the
rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master
cylinder （Figure）。
Basically， all car brakes are friction brakes. When the driver applies the brake, the control
device forces brake shoes， or pads, against the rotating brake drum or disks at wheel。 Friction
between the shoes or pads and the drums or disks then slows or stops the wheel so that the car is
braked。
In most modern brake systems (see Figure 15。1）, there is a fluid-filled cylinder, called
master cylinder， which contains two separate sections， there is a piston in each section and both
pistons are connected to a brake pedal in the driver’s compartment. When the brake is pushed
down， brake fluid is sent from the master cylinder to the wheels.
At the wheels, the fluid pushes shoes, or pads, against revolving drums or disks。The friction
between the stationary shoes， or pads， and the revolving drums or disks slows and stops them.
This slows or stops the revolving wheels， which， in turn， slow or stop the car。
The brake fluid reservoir is on top of the master cylinder. Most cars today have a transparent r
reservoir so that you can see the level without opening the cover. The brake fluid level will drop
slightly as the brake pads wear. This is a normal condition and no cause for concern. If the level
drops noticeably over ashort period of time or goes down to about two thirds full ， have your
brakes checked as soon as possible 。 Keep the reservoir covered except for the amount of time
you need to fill it and never leave a cam of brake fluid uncovered. Brake fluid must maintain a
very high boiling point. Exposure to air will cause the fluid to absorb moisture which will lower
that boiling point.
The brake fluid travels from the master cylinder to the wheels through a series of steel tubes
and reinforced rubber hoses。 Rubber hoses are only used in places that require flexibility， such
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