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摘要
I
摘 要
数字图像增强处理主要的目的是为了改善图像视感质量,如去除图像中的噪
声,改变图像的亮度、颜色,增强图像中的某些成份、抑制某些成份,对图像进
行几何变换等,从而在视觉上改善图像的质量,或者得到意想不到的视觉艺术效
果。故一直以来都是图像处理领域长期、不可回避的研究及教育课题。在图像增
强处理的教育教学中,MATLAB 的图像处理工具箱一直被众多图像处理教育工作
者所青睐,然而在 MATLAB 命令窗口中输入图像处理函数命令和语句时,演示的窗
口满天飞,不好直观比较。而且在调整参数的时候又得重新完整的输入相关程序
代码,使得演示过程变得繁琐,整个过程显得分散而凌乱。
为了解决上面的问题,利用 MATLAB GUI 设计出比较合理的图形用用界面,
使得教师或者学生能利用图形用户界面当中组件,如菜单,按钮,输入框,滑动
条等,控制参数的输入及具体图像增强处理技术的选择。则会使得教师在教学或
者学生在学习中显得非常具体和直观。
本论文介绍了应用 MATLAB 开发出图像增强处理的教学演示系统的方法。首先
在理论上讨论了各种图像增强处理技术的工作原理,以及相关教学系统设计的理
论基础。然后从教学系统设计的理论出发,讨论了如何用 MATLAB GUI 设计出教学
中常见图像增强处理技术的交互式演示系统,直观地在图形界面上对处理结果进
行直观比对并进行保存输出。方便学习者通过直观友好的图形界面全面把握整个
图像增强处理技术的学习内容以及交互式地演示各种图像增强技术及其效果,化
抽象为具体。
关键词:图像增强,空域处理,频域处理,图像用户界面,教学系统设计
ABSTRACT
II
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of digital image enhancement processing is to improvethe visual
sense quality of the image, such as removing of noise in the image, changing the
brightness, color, enhancing some ingredients in the image, inhibiting some of the
ingredients, and performing the geometric transformation in the image, so we can
improve the quality of the image or get unexpected visual artistic effect. Therefore,
image enhancement has always been a long-term issue in research and education, and it
can not be avoided. In education of image enhancement processing, Matlab image
processing toolbox has been favored by many educators. However, when users enter the
image processing functions and statements in the MATLAB command window, the
demo windows will appear everywhere, this causes some difficulties in visual
comparison. What’s more, when the users adjust the parameters, they have to re-enter
the relevant code completely, therefore, the demonstration process becomes tedious, the
whole process seemed scattered and messy.
In order to solve the above problem, we designed more reasonable User Graphical
Interface by using MATLAB GUI, and this interface allows teachers and students to use
the interface components, such as menus, buttons, input boxes and sliders, so they can
control the input parameters and make choices of the specific image processing
technology. Therefore, the teaching of teachers and the learning of students will become
concrete and intuitive.
This thesis introduce a method using MATLAB to develop a teaching
demonstration system of image enhancement processing. First, we discusses the work
principles in a variety of image enhancement processing technology. And then, we
discusses how to use MATLAB GUI to design a common teaching demonstration
system of image enhancement processing technology, we intuitively compares the
treatment results in the graphic interface, this is very convenient for the learner to
comprehensively grasp the entire image enhancement processing technology, so it
becomes easy to interactively demonstrate various image enhancement technologies and
their effects, therefore the abstract contents become concrete.
ABSTRACT
III
Keywords: Image enhancement, Spatial processing, Frequency domain processing,
Graphical user interface, Instructional system design
目录
IV
目 录
第一章 绪 论 ...................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究的目的和意义 ................................................................................................ 1
1.2 图像增强概述 ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 图形用户界面简介 ................................................................................................ 3
1.4 教学系统设计 ........................................................................................................ 3
1.5 研究内容与论文安排 ............................................................................................ 3
第二章 相关理论与技术 .................................................................................................5
2.1 噪声模型 ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 滤波原理 ................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1 空域滤波原理 ................................................................................................. 6
2.2.2 频域滤波原理 ................................................................................................. 7
2.3 彩色增强技术 ........................................................................................................ 8
2.4 图形用户界面的设计原则 .................................................................................... 8
2.5 MATLAB GUI 界面设计 ........................................................................................ 9
2.6 教学系统设计模式 .............................................................................................. 10
2.7 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 11
第三章 系统功能需求分析及总体设计 .......................................................................12
3.1 学习者特征分析 .................................................................................................. 12
3.2 学习需要分析 ...................................................................................................... 13
3.3 系统需求分析 ...................................................................................................... 14
3.3.1 功能需求 ........................................................................................................ 14
3.3.2 非功能性需求 ................................................................................................ 14
3.4 系统用例建模 ...................................................................................................... 14
3.4.1 直方图处理用例图 ........................................................................................ 15
3.4.2 图像平滑处理用例图 .................................................................................... 15
3.4.3 图像锐化处理用例图 .................................................................................... 16
目录
V
3.4.4 彩色增强处理用例图 .................................................................................... 16
3.5 系统功能结构 ...................................................................................................... 17
3.6 系统设计流程 ...................................................................................................... 18
3.7 系统体系结构 ...................................................................................................... 18
3.8 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 20
第四章 系统详细设计与实现 .......................................................................................21
4.1 用户界面的创建 .................................................................................................. 21
4.2 直方图处理模块 .................................................................................................. 22
4.2.1 开发流程 ....................................................................................................... 23
4.2.2 组件的创建及初始化 ................................................................................... 24
4.2.3 读取、显示及保存图像的实现 ................................................................... 24
4.2.4 直方图及直方图均衡化的实现 ................................................................... 26
4.2.5 直方图处理 GUI 界面 .................................................................................. 27
4.3 图像平滑处理模块 .............................................................................................. 28
4.3.1 开发流程 ....................................................................................................... 28
4.3.2 组件的创建及初始化 ................................................................................... 29
4.3.3 读取、显示及保存图像的实现 ................................................................... 30
4.3.4 添加噪声功能的实现 ................................................................................... 31
4.3.5 空域平滑滤波的实现 ................................................................................... 32
4.3.6 频域低通滤波的实现 ................................................................................... 34
4.3.7 图像平滑处理 GUI 界面 .............................................................................. 35
4.4 图像锐化处理模块 .............................................................................................. 36
4.4.1 开发流程 ....................................................................................................... 36
4.4.2 组件的创建及初始化 ................................................................................... 37
4.4.3 读取、显示及保存图像的实现 ................................................................... 39
4.4.4 空域锐化滤波的实现 ................................................................................... 39
4.4.5 频域滤波的实现 ........................................................................................... 40
4.4.6 图像锐化处理 GUI 界面 .............................................................................. 41
4.5 彩色增强处理模块 .............................................................................................. 41
4.5.1 开发流程 ....................................................................................................... 42
4.5.2 组件的创建及初始化 ................................................................................... 43
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