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摘要
I
摘要
指纹识别技术是生物识别技术的一种,正因为指纹具备唯一性和不变性等特
征使得指纹识别技术已经被广泛的应用于身份鉴证等多种领域。一般而言,一个
指纹数字图像识别系统通常由指纹数字图像预处理、特征提取、保存指纹数字图
像及指纹数字图像匹配等四部分过程构成。
本文对指纹数字图像识别系统的原理和基本过程进行了较为深入的分析与研
究。首先对指纹数字图像的分类、基本特征与识别原理进行了详细的论述。其次,
在指纹数字图像预处理部分,本文主要对预处理的各个步骤:数字图像分割、数
字图像增强、二值化、图像细化等含义及过程进行了详细的分析,并设计了一种
合适的指纹数字图像预处理方案。然后详细的论述了指纹数字图像的特征提取与
匹配过程,其中指纹数字图像的特征提取是从细化后的指纹数字图像图中提取出
端点和分叉点,即细节特征点,此特征点会包含大量的伪特征,这样会非常耗时
并且降低匹配的精度,而采用边缘去伪和距离去伪的方法能使伪特征点减少近
1/3,然后再提取可靠特征点信息,从而实现指纹数字图像匹配,本文采用了基于
MATLAB 实现的指纹数字图像细节特征提取方式。在指纹数字图像匹配部分,本
文采用基于细节点的指纹数字图像匹配算法,并进行了深入研究。最后,通过对
指纹数字图像识别系统算法的详细研究,本文利用 MATLAB 工具设计并实现了一
个指纹数字图像识别系统,完成了对指纹数字图像的处理、特征提取,保存和匹
配等功能,利用编码对指纹数字图像进行入库、匹配等操作,从而完成图像的识
别来判断是否同一指纹,其比对结果令人满意。
关键字:指纹数字图像识别,图像预处理,特征提取,指纹数字图像匹配
ABSTRACT
II
ABSTRACT
Fingerprint recognition technology is a kind of biometric technology, because of
its uniqueness and invariance characteristics that make fingerprint recognition
technology has been widely used in identity verification and other areas. Generally
speaking, a fingerprint recognition system usually includes four parts: fingerprint digital
image pre-processing, feature extraction, save and match fingerprint digital images .
This paper maily research the basic principles of digital image of the fingerprint
identification system and do more in-depth analysis on process. First, the paper explains
the classification of fingerprints digital images, basic characteristics and identify the
principle in detail. Secondly, in the digital fingerprint image pre-processing part of this
paper, the various pretreatment steps: digital image segmentation, digital image
enhancement, value, image thinning and process the meaning of a detailed analysis and
design of a Digital fingerprint images suitable conditioning regimen. Then discussed in
detail the characteristics of digital image of the fingerprint extraction and matching
process, in which the fingerprint feature extraction of digital images from the thinned
fingerprint image picture digital endpoint and bifurcation points are extracted, the
minutiae, the feature points will contain a large number of pseudo-features, can be very
time-consuming and reduce the accuracy of matching, and using the edge of the false
and the false way from the pseudo-feature points can reduce the nearly 1 / 3, and then
extract a reliable feature points using the information in order to achieve Fingerprint
Digital Image Matching. Digital image feature extraction in fingerprint part of this
paper, MATLAB-based digital image detail to achieve the fingerprint feature extraction
methods; in fingerprint matching part of the digital image, we use the minutiae-based
fingerprint matching algorithm of digital image, and studied. Finally, through doing a
lot of research on it , we use MATLAB tools to design and implement a digital image of
ABSTRACT
III
a fingerprint recognition system, completed fingerprint digital image processing, feature
extraction, save and matching features, the use of coding fingerprint digital image
storage, matching and other operations to complete the image recognition process, and
we were satisfied with the results of its comparison .
Keywords: fingerprint recognition, feature extraction, image pre-processing, fingerprint
match
目录
IV
目 录
第一章 绪论 .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 指纹数字图像识别的历史与国内外研究现状 ........................................................ 1
1.2 指纹数字图像识别研究的意义 ................................................................................ 2
1.3 MATLAB 简介 .......................................................................................................... 3
1.4 本文的工作和章节安排 ............................................................................................ 4
第二章 指纹数字图像识别系统的识别原理................................................................ 6
2.1 指纹数字图像识别系统的构成 ................................................................................ 6
2.2 指纹数字图像识别系统的主要步骤 ........................................................................ 7
2.2.1 指纹数字图像预处理 ....................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 指纹数字图像的特征提取 ............................................................................... 9
2.2.3 指纹数字图像分类 ........................................................................................... 9
2.2.4 指纹数字图像的特征匹配 ............................................................................. 10
2.3 指纹数字图像的识别原理 ...................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 概述 ................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.2 指纹数字图像的基本特征 ............................................................................. 11
2.4 指纹数字图像识别算法的性能指标 ...................................................................... 16
2.5 现有算法的比较与分析 .......................................................................................... 18
2.5.1 线性函数方法 ................................................................................................ 18
2.5.2 神经网络方法 ................................................................................................ 18
2.5.3 相关分类器 .................................................................................................... 19
2.6 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 20
第三章 指纹数字图像预处理 ...................................................................................... 21
目录
V
3.1 指纹数字图像质量评估 .......................................................................................... 22
3.2 指纹数字图像分割 .................................................................................................. 23
3.3 指纹数字图像增强 .................................................................................................. 24
3.4 指纹数字图像二值化 .............................................................................................. 24
3.5 指纹数字图像细化 .................................................................................................. 26
3.6 实验结果 .................................................................................................................. 30
3.7 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 32
第四章 指纹数字图像特征提取与匹配 ...................................................................... 33
4.1 指纹数字图像特征提取 .......................................................................................... 33
4.2 指纹数字图像的匹配 .............................................................................................. 34
4.2.1 指纹数字图像匹配算法综述 ......................................................................... 34
4.2.2 指纹数字图像匹配过程 ................................................................................ 36
4.3 指纹数字图像的匹配算法 ...................................................................................... 37
4.4 实验结果 .................................................................................................................. 38
4.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 40
第五章 基于纹理的指纹数字图像识别的详细设计 ................................................. 41
5.1 引言 .......................................................................................................................... 41
5.2 中间点的确定 .......................................................................................................... 41
5.3 指纹数字图像的扇形化 .......................................................................................... 42
5.4 指纹数字图像的规格化 .......................................................................................... 42
5.4.1 指纹数字图像规格化的算法 ........................................................................ 42
5.4.2 规格化的实现图 ............................................................................................ 43
5.5 GABOR 方位非线性平滑 ......................................................................................... 44
5.6 特征提取与入库 ...................................................................................................... 44
5.7 指纹数字图像匹配 .................................................................................................. 45
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