三容水箱的建模与控制
摘 要
液位是工业生产过程中重要的控制对象之一，液位控制品质的好坏对工业生产有着重大的
影响，因此对液位控制的研究具有非常重要的意义。随着工业化程度的不断提高，一方面控制
精度的要求越来越高;另一方面被控对象模型亦越来越复杂化，使得传统的 PID 控制已无法满
足工业过程控制要求。智能控制理论的提出对于工业控制理论的发展有着重要的意义，然而事
实上受工业现场很多条件限制这些先进的理论很难在实际中运用，于是寻找一个既简单又实用
的被控对象来模拟现场尤为重要。三容水箱液位控制系统模拟了工业现场的多种典型的非线性
时变多变量耦合系统，具有时滞性、时变性、非线性的特点。
论文对三容水箱液位控制系统进行建模、仿真和实验。为了能找到适应大惯性、非线性系
统优化的算法，研究了基于单神经元控制器的 PID 控制器，将基于单神经元控制器的 PID 控制
器运用到三容水箱液位控制系统中，仿真、实验结果表明该控制算法具有超调量小、稳定性高
的特点，大大提高了系统的动、静态性能，充分显示其优越性。
关键词: 单神经元控制器;三容水箱;液位
Abstract
Liquid level is one of the most important objects during the industrial
process.It
affects a lot whether the quality control is good or not,so it is important for us
to do research on it. With the development of the industry,on the one hand,the
control accuracy is more and more required.on the other hand,the control objects
become more and more complex. As a result,the traditional control theorys can not
satisfied.In order to improve the performance of liquid level,plants of advanced
intelligent control theorys have appeared,just like fuzzy control、Neural network and
so on.It is significant to put forward the intelligent control theorys.However,they
can not be used into practice for that they are limited by many conditions in the
industry. Three tank water control system simulates plants of typical,nonlinear
and time-based coupling system in the industry. It has many charactors just like
time-relaying、time varying and nonlinearity.
The research established its model and simulation,also did a experiment on
it.In order to find a better method to adapt the nonlinear system,the application
of single neuron PID in the three tank water is analysed in this article.The
simulation results proved that it improves the dynamic property and static
