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摘要
I
摘要
城市电排站是城市内排涝的水利设施,其多建设在湖泊和河流旁,在雨季通
过水泵和排水管网将洪水从城市内河或湖泊排出至外河从而防止内涝发生,电排
站的安全稳定运行与城市居民的生命财产安全密不可分。目前不少老旧的电排站
自动化程度不高,许多排涝设备需要人工手动操作,费时费力,导致电排站运行
成本较高且安全性较低。为此,本文设计了一套城市电排站监控系统,目的在于
提高电排站的自动化程度和管理效率,降低其运行成本,保证电排站内设备在汛
期安全稳定的运行。
本文以某城市电排站为背景,在分析了电排站中主要监控对象后,对城市电
排站监控系统的结构和需求进行了研究与设计,并对整个电排站监控系统的硬件
部分进行了设计与选型,对电排站内的闸门、水泵电机、电动蝶阀进行了电气控
制原理图的设计。电排站监控系统下位机以西门子 S7-300 PLC 为控制核心,对
电排站内湖泊水位、前池水位、闸门开度、电机电流、电机电压、电机温度、电
机振动、管道内的水流量等数据进行采集,对电排站内闸门、水泵电机、电动蝶
阀等设备分别设计了自动控制和手动控制两种运行模式,设计了故障监控程序保
证设备的安全运行,在水泵电机自动控制中引入了模糊控制优化电机的运行方
式,根据水位和水位变化率调整电机的启停台数。电排站监控系统上位机使用
LabVIEW 软件设计监控界面,对下位机 PLC 采集到的数据进行显示、分析和储
存,对电排站内闸门、水泵电机、电动蝶阀等设备的运行状态进行监控。为了提
高水泵电机状态评价的准确性和可信度,利用基于模糊理论的多传感器数据融合
算法对水泵电机状态进行评价,通过 MATLAB 软件对水泵电机状态评价模型进
行编程,并通过 LabVIEW Script 调用 MATLAB 程序完成了水泵电机的状态评价
显示。
本文通过仿真的方式对城市电排站监控系统进行测试和调试,测试结果表明
该系统具有操作简单、自动化程度高、功能齐全、运行成本较低等特点,为电排
站消除城市内涝提供了一个良好的监控平台,保证了电排站设备在汛期工作的安
全性和可靠性。
关键词:电排站; PLC; LabVIEW; 数据融合
Abstract
II
Abstract
Urban electrical drainage stations are water conservancy facilities for drainage in
the city, which are mostly built near lakes and rivers. In the rainy season, the water is
discharged from the inner river or lake to the outer river through the water pump and
drainage pipe network to prevent waterlogging. The safe and stable operation of
electrical drainage stations is closely related to the safety of urban residents' lives and
property. Many flood drainage equipment need manual operation, time-consuming
and laborious, resulting in high operating cost and low safety of electrical drainage
stations. To this end, this paper designs a set of urban electrical drainage stations
monitoring system, the purpose is to improve the degree of automation and
management efficiency of electrical drainage stations, reduce its operating cost, to
ensure the equipment in the electric drainage station in flood season safe and stable
operation.
In this paper, based on the background of a urban electrical drainage stations,
after analyzing the main monitoring objects in the electrical drainage stations, the
structure and requirements of the urban electrical drainage stations monitoring system
are studied and designed, and the hardware part of the whole electrical drainage
stations monitoring system is designed and selected, and the electric control schematic
diagram of the gate, water pump motor and electric butterfly valve are designed. With
Siemens S7-300 PLC as the control core, the lower unit of the electrical drainage
stations monitoring system collects data such as lake water level, forepool water level,
gate opening, motor current, motor voltage, motor temperature, motor vibration and
water flow in the pipeline in the electrical drainage stations. Two operating modes of
automatic control and manual control are designed for the sluice gate, water pump
motor, electric butterfly valve and other equipment in the electrical drainage stations,
and the fault monitoring program is designed to ensure the safe operation of the
equipment. Fuzzy control is introduced into the automatic control of the water pump
motor to optimize the operation mode of the motor, and the start and stop number of
Abstract
III
the motor is adjusted according to the water level and the change rate of the water
level. The upper computer of the electrical drainage stations monitoring system uses
LabVIEW software to design the monitoring interface, display, analyze and store the
data collected by the PLC of the lower computer, and monitor the running state of the
gate, pump motor, electric butterfly valve and other equipment in the electrical
drainage stations. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of pump motor state
evaluation, multi-sensor data fusion algorithm based on fuzzy theory was used to
evaluate the state of pump motor. MATLAB software was used to program the state
evaluation model of pump motor, and LabVIEW Script called MATLAB program to
complete the state evaluation display of pump motor.
This paper tests and debuts the monitoring system of urban electrical drainage
stations by simulation.The test results show that the system has the characteristics of
simple operation, high degree of automation, complete functions and low operation
cost. It provides a good monitoring platform for the electrical drainage stations to
eliminate urban waterlogging, and ensures the safety and reliability of the electrical
drainage stations equipment in flood season.
Key words: Electrical drainage stations; PLC; LabVIEW; Data fusion
目 录
第 1 章 绪论............................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题研究背景以及意义................................................................... 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................... 2
1.2.1 国内研究现状 ............................................................................. 2
1.2.2 国外研究现状 ............................................................................. 2
1.3 主要研究内容 ................................................................................... 3
1.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................... 4
第 2 章 城市电排站监控系统总体设计 .................................................. 5
2.1 城市电排站主要监控对象分析 ...................................................... 5
2.2 城市电排站监控系统设计原则 ...................................................... 6
2.3 城市电排站监控系统结构设计 ...................................................... 6
2.4 城市电排站监控系统需求设计 ...................................................... 7
2.4.1 城市电排站中央监控层需求设计 ............................................. 7
2.4.2 城市电排站现场控制层与现场设备层需求设计 .................... 9
2.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 10
第 3 章 城市电排站监控系统硬件设计 ................................................ 11
3.1 电排站监控系统硬件结构设计 .................................................... 11
3.2 中央监控系统硬件选型................................................................. 12
3.3 现场设备选型 ................................................................................. 13
3.3.1 传感器选型 ............................................................................... 13
3.3.2 摄像机选型 ............................................................................... 15
3.3.3 电动蝶阀选型 ........................................................................... 16
3.4 PLC 控制系统硬件设计 ................................................................. 17
3.4.1 PLC 介绍以及选型 ................................................................... 17
3.4.2 I/O 口地址分配 ......................................................................... 18
3.4.3 PLC 硬件配置表设计 ............................................................... 20
3.4.4 I/O 接线图设计 ......................................................................... 20
3.4.5 设备电气控制设计 ................................................................... 22
3.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 24
第 4 章 水泵电机状态评价与算法设计 ................................................ 25
4.1 多传感器数据融合理论基础 ........................................................ 25
4.2 模糊综合评价法理论基础 ............................................................ 26
4.3 基于模糊理论的多传感器数据融合概述 .................................... 26
4.3.1 基于模糊理论的多传感器数据融合的建模流程 .................. 26
4.3.2 指标权重的计算方法 ............................................................... 27
4.3.3 隶属度的计算方法 ................................................................... 28
4.4 基于模糊理论的多传感器数据融合电机状态评价模型建立 .... 29
4.4.1 建立因素集和评价集 ............................................................... 29
4.4.2 建立隶属度矩阵 ....................................................................... 31
4.4.3 对各指标隶属度进行决策融合 ............................................... 33
4.5 基于 MATLAB 的算法编程设计 ................................................ 34
4.6 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 35
第 5 章 城市电排站监控系统软件设计 ................................................ 37
5.1 PLC 程序设计 ................................................................................. 37
5.1.1 PLC 硬件组态 ........................................................................... 37
5.1.2 PLC 流程图设计 ....................................................................... 38
5.1.3 手动/自动运行互锁程序设计 ................................................. 41
5.1.4 模拟量处理程序设计 ............................................................... 42
5.1.5 闸门控制程序设计 ................................................................... 43
5.1.6 水泵电机自动控制程序设计 ................................................... 45
5.1.7 电动蝶阀自动控制程序设计 ................................................... 51
5.2 城市电排站监控系统上位机设计 ................................................ 52
5.2.1 登录功能设计 ........................................................................... 53
5.2.2 系统主功能菜单设计 ............................................................... 54
5.2.3 闸门监控界面设计 ................................................................... 54
5.2.4 城市电排站主监控界面设计 ................................................... 55
5.2.5 Lab VIEW 调用 MATLAB 程序设计 .................................... 57
5.2.6 水泵电机状态评价界面设计 ................................................... 57
5.2.7 历史运行数据储存和显示程序设计....................................... 58
5.2.8 摄像机监控界面设计 ............................................................... 59
5.3 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 60
第 6 章 系统测试与结果分析 ................................................................ 62
6.1 Lab VIEW 与 PLCsim 通讯设计 ................................................. 62
6.2 系统功能测试 ................................................................................. 64
6.2.1 手动运行模式功能测试 ........................................................... 64
6.2.2 自动运行模式功能测试 ........................................................... 65
6.2.3 故障监控功能测试 ................................................................... 66
6.3 测试结果分析 ................................................................................. 67
6.4 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 67
第 7 章 总结与展望 ................................................................................ 68
7.1 总结 ................................................................................................. 68
7.2 展望 ................................................................................................. 69
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