基于Matlab_Hspice软件设计的12比特视频数模转换器

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摘要

随着当今信号处理技术和集成电路制造技术的高速发展，现代信号的存储，

处理，传输越来越多的采用数字的方式，但是现实的世界仍然是一个模拟世界，

所以转换器作为连接模拟世界和数字世界的接口电路，是必不可少的。

模拟视频接口包含 CVBS、VGA、YUV 等等，这些接口的输出端，都包含一

个视频数模转换器，视频数模转换器能够将片内的视频数字信号转化为视频模拟

信号，并通过接口输出，随着视频的刷新率和分辨率越来越高，对数模转换器的

转换速度和精度的要求也是越来越高。

本论文设计所采用的工艺是台积电 0.11um 1P6M，电源电压为 1.2V 和 3.3V,

1.2V 电源电压应用于低压器件，3.3V 电源电压应用于高压和 IO 器件。论文中首

先通过介绍常用数模转换器的结构，选出电流舵结构数模转换器来设计我们的视

频数模转换器，对于电流舵结构数模转换器，详细分析了电流源单元的模块设计，

讨论并优化了电流源矩阵的开关顺序，以提升数模转换器的直流精度，同时介绍

了数模转换器中常用的减小电压毛刺的方法。

当数模转换器存在器件非匹配时，输出频谱会存在谐波分量，这在应用中通

常是不希望存在的，而本文采用的随机温度计码方法能够有效的把传统电流舵数

模转换器的谐波分量先打散然后变成白噪声成分，本论文基于 MATLAB 软件，搭

建了理想和非理想的数模转换器，并通过 MATLAB 的仿真环境对两种数模转换器

进行了仿真，最后验证了随机温度计码算法对非线性数模转换器的有效性。

基于 HSPICE 软件的仿真环境，本论文完成了数模转换器各个模块电路的设

计与仿真，并将随机温度计码方法加在传统的电流舵数模转换器当中，通过顶层

仿真结果显示，当电流单元矩阵非匹配时，输出频谱存在谐波失真分量，而开启

随机温度计码算法时，输出频谱便不会有谐波失真分量，而是将谐波失真分量转

化为白噪声的形式，从而达到了仿真结果和行为级建模的一致性。

本论文从由简单到复杂，从基础到系统对电流舵视频数模转换器进行了详细

的分析与介绍，对于电流舵视频数模转换器减小谐波分量的应用，具有很好的现

实指导意义。

关键词：视频，数模转换器，Matlab/Hspice 软件，随机温度计码，仿真

ABSTRACT

With the fast development of signal processe and integrated circuit manufacturing

technology today, modern signal’s storage, processing and transmission are using more

and more digital circuit, but the real world is still an analog world, so as the interface

circuit between the analog world and the digital world, converters is very necessary.

Analog video interface include CVBS, VGA, YUV, etc., these interfaces can

convert the on chip digital signal to analog signal for output. With the video refresh rate,

and increasingly high resolution, the digital-to-analog converter’s conversion become

more and more high speed, and its resolution become more and more precision.

The process technology used in this thesis design is TSMC 0.11um 1P6M. The

power supply of this process is 1.2V and 3.3V, 1.2V for low voltage digital device and

3.3V for high voltage analog and IO device. The thesis first introduces several types of

normal used digital-to-analog converters and selects current steering structure for our

video DAC design. For Current steering DAC, this thesis introduces the basic block

design of current unit, also discuss and optimize the current unit matrix on/off sequence

for improving the DC precision of DAC, meanwhile introduce the normal method of

minimizing voltage glitch.

When the DAC has device mismatch, harmonics will exist in its output spectrum.

Random thermometer code method can effective remove the harmonic and change it to

white noise. Based on MATLAB software, this thesis separately model ideal and

non-ideal DAC and add Random thermometer code method to DAC, the behavior

method show a right function result.

Based on the HSPICE software simulation environment, this thesis completed

each block circuit of the DAC design and simulation, then random thermometer code

method is added to the current steering DAC. The top level simulation shows that when

current unit matrix mismatches each other, the output spectrum will contain harmonic

tones. When enable the random thermometer code method, the output spectrum only has

white noise floor without harmonic tones. And the simulation result meets the

MATLAB behavior modeling.

第一章绪论 .................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题研究的背景 ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 国内外研究历史及动态 ....................................................................................... 1

1.3 本课题意义 ............................................................................................................ 2

第二章数模转换器概述 ................................................................................................ 3

2.1 数模转换器基本概念与特性 ............................................................................... 3

2.1.1 转换器基本概念 ............................................................................................ 3

2.1.2 理想数模转换器 ............................................................................................ 4

2.1.3 数模转换器性能参数 .................................................................................... 6

2.2 常用数模转换器简述 ........................................................................................... 8

2.3 电流舵数模转换器 ............................................................................................... 8

2.3.1 UNARY 结构 .................................................................................................. 9

2.3.2 二进制权重 .................................................................................................... 9

2.3.3 分段组合 ...................................................................................................... 10

2.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 12

第三章电流舵数模转换器模块设计与性能分析 ...................................................... 13

3.1 电流舵数模转换器模块设计 ............................................................................. 13

3.1.1 带隙基准 ...................................................................................................... 13

3.1.2 电流偏置 ...................................................................................................... 15

3.1.3 单位电流源 .................................................................................................. 16

3.1.4 触发器 .......................................................................................................... 17

3.1.5 输入码译码器 .............................................................................................. 20

3.2 电流舵数模转换器性能分析 ............................................................................. 24

3.2.1 转换速率 ...................................................................................................... 24

3.2.2 直流非线性 .................................................................................................. 24

3.2.3 动态性能 ...................................................................................................... 28

3.3 版图技术 ............................................................................................................. 29

3.3.1 LSB 电流单元的匹配 ................................................................................... 29

3.3.2 数模转换器布局 .......................................................................................... 31

3.4 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 32

第四章基于 MATLAB 软件的随机温度计码数模转换器建模 ............................... 33

4.1 MATLAB 软件以及仿真环境介绍 ..................................................................... 33

4.2 电流舵数模转换器建模 ..................................................................................... 33

4.2.1 理想电流舵数模转换器建模 ...................................................................... 34

4.2.2 热分布误差建模 .......................................................................................... 35

4.2.3 随机误差建模 .............................................................................................. 38

4.3 随机温度计码方法 ............................................................................................. 40

4.3.1 随机温度计码方法简介 .............................................................................. 41

4.3.2 伪随机码的产生 .......................................................................................... 43

4.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 49

第五章基于 HSPICE 软件的随机温度计码数模转换器设计与仿真 ..................... 50

5.1 HSPICE 软件以及仿真环境介绍 ....................................................................... 50

5.1.1 HSPICE 常用语法简介 ................................................................................ 50

5.1.2 HSPICE 常用仿真分析方法 ........................................................................ 52

5.2 电路模块仿真结果 ............................................................................................. 53

5.2.1 带隙基准 ...................................................................................................... 53

5.2.2 电流偏置电路 .............................................................................................. 56

5.2.3 电流单元电路 .............................................................................................. 57

5.2.4 输入译码器 .................................................................................................. 59

5.2.5 随机温度计码算法的电路实现 .................................................................. 61

5.2.6 随机温度计码算法模块加入数模转换器 .................................................. 65

5.2.7 去毛刺触发器的实现 .................................................................................. 66

5.3 电路顶层仿真结果 ............................................................................................. 69

5.3.1 不开随机温度码方法 .................................................................................. 69

5.3.2 开随机温度码方法 ...................................................................................... 72

5.4 后仿真 ................................................................................................................. 78

5.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 78

第六章结论和展望 ...................................................................................................... 79

致谢 ............................................................................................................................ 80

参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 81

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