Every software developer and IT professional understands the crucial importance of effective debugging. Often, debugging consumes most of a developer’s workday, and mastering the required techniques and skills can take a lifetime. In Effective Debugging, Diomidis Spinellis helps experienced programmers accelerate their journey to mastery, by systematically categorizing, explaining, and illustrating the most useful debugging methods, strategies, techniques, and tools. Drawing on more than thirty-five years of experience, Spinellis expands your arsenal of debugging techniques, helping you choose the best approaches for each challenge. He presents vendor-neutral, example-rich advice on general principles, high-level strategies, concrete techniques, high-efficiency tools, creative tricks, and the behavioral traits associated with effective debugging. Spinellis’s 66 expert techniques address every facet of debugging and are illustrated with step-by-step instructions and actual code. He addresses the full spectrum of problems that can arise in modern software systems, especially problems caused by complex interactions among components and services running on hosts scattered around the planet. Whether you’re debugging isolated runtime errors or catastrophic enterprise system failures, this guide will help you get the job done—more quickly, and with less pain. Key features include High-level strategies and methods for addressing diverse software failures Specific techniques to apply when programming, compiling, and running code Better ways to make the most of your debugger General-purpose skills and tools worth investing in Advanced ideas and techniques for escaping dead-ends and the maze of complexity Advice for making programs easier to debug Specialized approaches for debugging multithreaded, asynchronous, and embedded code Bug avoidance through improved software design, construction, and management Table of Contents Chapter 1: High-LevelStrategies Item 1: Handle All Problems through an Issue-Tracking System Item 2: Use Focused Queries to Search the Web for Insights into Your Problem Item 3: Confirm That Preconditions and Postconditions Are Satisfied Item 4: Drill Up from the Problem to the Bug or Down from the Program’s Start to the Bug Item 5: Find the Difference between a Known Good System and a Failing One Item 6: Use the Software’s Debugging Facilities Item 7: Diversify Your Build and Execution Environment Item 8: Focus Your Work on the Most Important Problems Chapter 2: General-Purpose Methods and Practices Item 9: Set Yourself Up for Debugging Success Item 10: Enable the Efficient Reproduction of the Problem Item 11: Minimize the Turnaround Time from Your Changes to Their Result Item 12: Automate Complex Testing Scenarios Item 13: Enable a Comprehensive Overview of Your Debugging Data Item 14: Consider Updating Your Software Item 15: Consult Third-Party Source Code for Insights on Its Use Item 16: Use Specialized Monitoring and Test Equipment Item 17: Increase the Prominence of a Failure’s Effects Item 18: Enable the Debugging of Unwieldy Systems from Your Desk Item 19: Automate Debugging Tasks Item 20: Houseclean Before and After Debugging Item 21: Fix All Instances of a Problem Class Chapter 3: General-Purpose Tools and Techniques Item 22: Analyze Debug Data with Unix Command-Line Tools Item 23: Utilize Command-Line Tool Options and Idioms Item 24: Explore Debug Data with Your Editor Item 25: Optimize Your Work Environment Item 26: Hunt the Causes and History of Bugs with the Revision Control System Item 27: Use Monitoring Tools on Systems Composed of Independent Processes Chapter 4: Debugger Techniques Item 28: Use Code Compiled for Symbolic Debugging Item 29: Step through the Code Item 30: Use Code and Data Breakpoints Item 31: Familiarize Yourself with Reverse Debugging Item 32: Navigate along the Calls between Routines Item 33: Look for Errors by Examining the Values of Variables and Expressions Item 34: Know How to Attach a Debugger to a Running Process Item 35: Know How to Work with Core Dumps Item 36: Tune Your Debugging Tools Item 37: Know How to View Assembly Code and Raw Memory Chapter 5: Programming Techniques Item 38: Review and Manually Execute Suspect Code Item 39: Go Over Your Code and Reasoning with a Colleague Item 40: Add Debugging Functionality Item 41: Add Logging Statements Item 42: Use Unit Tests Item 43: Use Assertions Item 44: Verify Your Reasoning by Perturbing the Debugged Program Item 45: Minimize the Differences between a Working Example and the Failing Code Item 46: Simplify the Suspect Code Item 47: Consider Rewriting the Suspect Code in Another Language Item 48: Improve the Suspect Code’s Readability and Structure Item 49: Fix the Bug’s Cause, Rather Than Its Symptom Chapter 6: Compile-Time Techniques Item 50: Examine Generated Code Item 51: Use Static Program Analysis Item 52: Configure Deterministic Builds and Executions Item 53: Configure the Use of Debugging Libraries and Checks Chapter 7: Runtime Techniques Item 54: Find the Fault by Constructing a Test Case Item 55: Fail Fast Item 56: Examine Application Log Files Item 57: Profile the Operation of Systems and Processes Item 58: Trace the Code’s Execution Item 59: Use Dynamic Program Analysis Tools Chapter 8: Debugging Multi-threaded Code Item 60: Analyze Deadlocks with Postmortem Debugging Item 61: Capture and Replicate Item 62: Uncover Deadlocks and Race Conditions with Specialized Tools Item 63: Isolate and Remove Nondeterminism Item 64: Investigate Scalability Issues by Looking at Contention Item 65: Locate False Sharing by Using Performance Counters Item 66: Consider Rewriting the Code Using Higher-Level Abstractions
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