Cisco CCNA Exam #640-507
Ultimately Sprint
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CCNAmailto:fangyan99@21cn.com
Designed arthurmailto:artherpc@cnnb.net
CCNA
2001/2/22
Need For Discover
y
…
写在前面的话
写在前面的话写在前面的话
写在前面的话
这是在
年
月
日 我临考前的
天 我的一位网上的兄弟给我发来的资料 是一份思
科的
培训笔记
真的感谢这位好兄弟好哥们儿 从考
开始 我就一直得到好多朋
友最无私最真心的帮助
我真的要谢谢你们
在这份笔记中包括了
的考点和对考点的解释 作为考前对知识的巩固
和查漏补缺 无疑将是非常有帮助的 当然就整个复习备考而言 这份笔记是远远不够的 整
个的备考需要你的耐心
毅力和恒心 将
的培训教材通读并理解
由于复习和翻译的时间非常紧张 记得我当时是从
翻译到
再加上我的外语
实在是没有国语说得好 更加上国语我说得也不太利索 因此 在翻译过程中难免出现不通顺
病句 甚至错误 请大家海涵并原谅 同时 恳请大家指正出来 让这份笔记对得起思科培训
也对得起我们自己
非常感谢我的兄弟我的朋友阿瘦 是他将这份笔记做成了
文档 奉献给了大家
非常感谢论坛上我的老师们
!"#
根本英俊 考试机器
#
石头 是他们带我走进了思科的大门
再次谢谢我的兄弟 我的朋友
希望在不久的将来
我们能紧紧握住双手 紧紧相拥
方言
年
月
日
CCNA
The CCNA (640-507) exam will contain a combination of the following topics:
1) Bridging/Switching
Static VLANS
Spantree
Switching modes/methods
PPP
2) OSI Reference Model &Layered Communication
Layer Definitions
Encapsulation/Encapsulation
Layer Functions
Connection Oriented Models
Connectionless Models
Model Benefits
3) Network Protocols
TCP/IP
Novell IPX
Windowing
IPX
Novell IPX
4) Routing
IGRP
ICMP
5) WAN Protocols
ISDN
Frame Relay
HDLC
ATM
6) Network Management
Access Lists
Telnet
DNS
7) LAN Design
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Token Ring
8) Physical Connectivity
IEEE Standards
ANSI Standards
9) Cisco Basics, IOS & Network Basics
IOS CLI Router
Troubleshooting
Router Packet Switching Modes
IOS CLI Switch
Study Notes
OSI Reference
1. Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI Reference model
OSI
7
Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.
Application
The Application layer
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Presentation
The Presentation layer
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PIC, JPG, TIFF, and XDR
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Session
The Session Layer
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co-ordination
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SQL, NFS
Transport
The Transport Layer
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g$hi
Data
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Segments.
Network
The Network layer
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Bxyz{no
IP/IPX
|
Names
}Uno
MAC address
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Packets
|
Dtatgrams
Data-Link
The Data-Link Layer
The Data Link Layer provides error free transfer of data frames from one
node to another over the physical layer.MAC address
\]
&'ABjklm
Frames.
Physical
The Physical Layer is concerned with the actual interpretation of the bit stream into an electrical signal
that can be carried across the physical medium. This layer specifies the physical medium properties.
2. Describe connection-orientated networks service and connectionless network service, and
identify the key differences between them
Connection orientated communication
TCP
Port
,
6
;N \
We
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acknowledgements
+
Connectionless orientated communication
UDP
Port
,
17
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acknowledgements
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connection orientated
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3. Describe data link addresses and network addresses, and identify the key
differences between
them.
Data link addresses
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MAC address
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They can be virtualized for Adapter Fault Tolerance or HSRP. Switches and Bridges
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Data Link address
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Data Link addresses are flat in structure.
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Network addresses
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IP address
|
IPX address
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Network address
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4. Identify at least 3 reasons why the industry uses a layered model
The industry uses a layered model mainly to split a task down into functions so
developers can concentrate on one layers functions. They are
• It clarifies the general functions, rather than specific on who to do it.
• It makes the complexity of networking into more manageable sub layers.
• It uses standard interfaces to enable ease of interoperability.
• Developers can change the features of one layer without changing all the code.
• It allows specialization that helps industry progress.
• It eases troubleshooting.
5. Define and explain the 5 conversion steps of data encapsulation
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5
̦
.
User information is converted to data.
(Application Layer)
.
Data is converted to segments
(Transport Layer)
.
Segments are converted to Packets or Datagrams
(Network Layer)
.
Packets or Datagrams are converted to Frames
(Data Link Layer)
Í
ÍÍ
Í
Frames are converted to bits.
(Physical Layer)
(
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5
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)
6. Define flow control and describe the three basic methods used in networking
Flow control
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For
Example
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Buffering Source Quench Messages Windowing
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Buffering
Network devices
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Source Quench Messages
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Source Quench
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Source Quench Messages
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Windowing
Windowing
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acknowledgement
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Window Size
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acknowledgement
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7. List the key internetworking functions of the OSI Network layer and how they are performed in
a router
• Establishes network addresses. (
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)
• Selects the best path through an Internet work
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• Uses a routing protocol between routers
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• Uses a routed protocol to carry user packets
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• Uses a two-part address
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• Sets up and maintains routing tables
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• Discovers Networks
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• Adapts to Internet work topology changes
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• Contains broadcasts.
WAN Protocols
1. Differentiate between the following WAN services: Frame Relay, ISDN/LAPD,HDLC&PPP
Frame Relay
Frame relay
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WAN protocol
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DTE
DCT
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DTE
+,
PC
tuÅbÂE%(-+.ÚÛ
DCE
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Frame Relay
PVC’s and SVC’s
®]1
PVC’s
The connection is identified any a Data Link Connection
Identifier (DLCI).
ISDN/LAPD
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
,ANbc2O3&3/0
ISDN
WK&'4578
ISDN
67Î
OSI
}U
&'·tbc
HDLC
The High Level Data Link Control Protocol
,
Cisco Serial Interfaces
CD
link layer
ÊË"6
SDLC
u
HDLC
89
:;
802.2
PPP
The Point-to-Point Protocol
,]´&'·t"6
A
asynchronous (dial-up)
|
synchronous (ISDN) media
2
;
Link Control protocol(LCP)
LF]´&'·t ;.á´<
Authentication PAP or CHAP
compression.
PPP
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