跟我一起写makefile

跟我一起写 Makefile 作者：陈皓 第一部分、概述...............................................................................................................................6 第二部分、关于程序的编译和链接...............................................................................................6 第三部分、Makefile 介绍............................................................................................................7 一、Makefile的规则..............................................................................................................7 二、一个示例...........................................................................................................................8 三、make是如何工作的........................................................................................................9 四、makefile中使用变量....................................................................................................10 五、让make自动推导..........................................................................................................11 六、另类风格的makefile....................................................................................................12 七、清空目标文件的规则.....................................................................................................13 第四部分、Makefile 总述..........................................................................................................13 一、Makefile里有什么？....................................................................................................13 1、显式规则。..............................................................................................................14 2、隐晦规则。..............................................................................................................14 3、变量的定义。..........................................................................................................14 4、文件指示。..............................................................................................................14 5、注释。......................................................................................................................14 二、Makefile的文件名........................................................................................................15 三、引用其它的Makefile....................................................................................................15 四、环境变量 MAKEFILES................................................................................................16 五、make的工作方式..........................................................................................................16 第五部分、书写规则.....................................................................................................................17 一、规则举例.........................................................................................................................17 二、规则的语法.....................................................................................................................17 三、在规则中使用通配符.....................................................................................................18 四、文件搜寻.........................................................................................................................19 五、伪目标.............................................................................................................................20 六、多目标.............................................................................................................................22 七、静态模式.........................................................................................................................22 八、自动生成依赖性.............................................................................................................24 第六部分书写命令.......................................................................................................................25 一、显示命令.........................................................................................................................26 二、命令执行.........................................................................................................................26 三、命令出错.........................................................................................................................27 四、嵌套执行make..............................................................................................................28 五、定义命令包.....................................................................................................................30 第七部分使用变量.......................................................................................................................30 一、变量的基础.....................................................................................................................31 二、变量中的变量.................................................................................................................32 三、变量高级用法.................................................................................................................34 四、追加变量值.....................................................................................................................37 五、override 指示符..........................................................................................................37 六、多行变量.........................................................................................................................38 七、环境变量.........................................................................................................................38 八、目标变量.........................................................................................................................39 九、模式变量.........................................................................................................................40 第八部分使用条件判断...............................................................................................................40 一、示例.................................................................................................................................40 二、语法.................................................................................................................................42 第九部分使用函数.......................................................................................................................43 一、函数的调用语法.............................................................................................................44 二、字符串处理函数.............................................................................................................44 1、subst.......................................................................................................................44 2、patsubst.................................................................................................................45 3、strip.........................................................................................................................45 4、findstring...............................................................................................................46 5、filter.........................................................................................................................46 6、filter-out.................................................................................................................46 7、sort..........................................................................................................................47 8、word........................................................................................................................47 9、wordlist..................................................................................................................47 10、words....................................................................................................................47 11、firstword..............................................................................................................48 12、字符串函数实例....................................................................................................48 三、文件名操作函数.............................................................................................................48 1、dir.............................................................................................................................48 2、notdir......................................................................................................................48 3、suffix.......................................................................................................................49 4、basename..............................................................................................................49 5、addsuffix................................................................................................................49 6、addprefix...............................................................................................................49 7、join...........................................................................................................................50 四、foreach 函数................................................................................................................50 五、if 函数............................................................................................................................50 六、call函数..........................................................................................................................51 七、origin函数.....................................................................................................................51 “undefined”.................................................................................................................52 “default”.......................................................................................................................52 “file”...............................................................................................................................52 “command line”.........................................................................................................52 “override”....................................................................................................................52 “automatic”.................................................................................................................52 八、shell函数.......................................................................................................................53 九、控制make的函数..........................................................................................................53 1、error........................................................................................................................53 2、warning..................................................................................................................54 第十部分 make 的运行..............................................................................................................54 一、make的退出码..............................................................................................................54 二、指定Makefile................................................................................................................54 三、指定目标.........................................................................................................................55 “all”................................................................................................................................56 “clean”..........................................................................................................................56 “install”.........................................................................................................................56 “print”...........................................................................................................................56 “tar”...............................................................................................................................56 “dist”..............................................................................................................................56 “TAGS”..........................................................................................................................56 “check”和“test”..........................................................................................................56 四、检查规则.........................................................................................................................57 五、make的参数..................................................................................................................57 第十一部分隐含规则...................................................................................................................61 一、使用隐含规则.................................................................................................................61 二、隐含规则一览.................................................................................................................62 1、编译C程序的隐含规则...........................................................................................63 2、编译C++程序的隐含规则.....................................................................................63 3、编译Pascal程序的隐含规则..................................................................................63 4、编译Fortran/Ratfor程序的隐含规则..................................................................63 5、预处理Fortran/Ratfor程序的隐含规则..............................................................63 6、编译Modula-2程序的隐含规则...........................................................................63 7、汇编和汇编预处理的隐含规则..............................................................................64 8、链接Object文件的隐含规则.................................................................................64 9、Yacc C程序时的隐含规则.....................................................................................64 10、Lex C程序时的隐含规则.....................................................................................64 11、Lex Ratfor程序时的隐含规则...........................................................................65 12、从C程序、Yacc文件或Lex文件创建Lint库的隐含规则..................................65 三、隐含规则使用的变量.....................................................................................................65 1、关于命令的变量。..................................................................................................65 2、关于命令参数的变量..............................................................................................66 四、隐含规则链.....................................................................................................................67 五、定义模式规则.................................................................................................................68 1、模式规则介绍..........................................................................................................68 2、模式规则示例..........................................................................................................69 3、自动化变量..............................................................................................................70 4、模式的匹配..............................................................................................................72 5、重载内建隐含规则..................................................................................................72 六、老式风格的"后缀规则".................................................................................................73 七、隐含规则搜索算法.........................................................................................................74 第十二部分使用make更新函数库文件....................................................................................75 一、函数库文件的成员.........................................................................................................75 二、函数库成员的隐含规则.................................................................................................75 三、函数库文件的后缀规则.................................................................................................76 四、注意事项.........................................................................................................................76 第十三部分后序...........................................................................................................................77