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基于单片机的粮仓温湿度多点无线监测系统设计.doc
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基于单片机的粮仓温湿度多点无线监测系统设计.doc
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基于单片机的粮仓温湿度多点无线监测系统设计
基于单片机的粮仓温湿度多点无线监测系统设计
温湿度是一个非常重要的参数。在工业、医疗、军事和生活等许多地方,都需要用
到测温湿装置来监测温湿度。传统直接布线测量不能满足要求,特别是在某些环境恶劣
的工业环境和户外环境,通过直接布线测量不现实。因此采用无线传输温湿度信息尤为
必要。
目前有些设计能够实现无线温湿度监测,但价格过高是其最大的缺点。在实际温湿
度控制过程中既要求系统具有稳定性、实时性又需要降低功耗。因此设计一种低功耗的
无线温湿度监测系统很有意义。本文提出一种针对无线数据传输问题的解决方案,该方
案基于 nRF24L01 来设计无线温湿度采集系统。该系统采用传统单片机 ATmega16L 和
数字温湿度传感器 AM2301 来构成多点、实时的无线温湿度监测系统。通过简单的无
线通信协议,实现可靠性与功耗平衡,该系统能实现对温湿度的监测,是可以实现远程
控制的无线温湿度监测系统。
该系统利用无线通信技术构建了分布式无线传感器网络,通过传感器节点实现温湿
度信息的采集和传输,系统具有组网简单,维护方便,运行费用低等优点,能够实现可
靠的无线数据传输。可以应用于大型粮仓温湿度的监测。
关键字:ATmega16 AM2301 无线传输 nRF24L01
Wireless Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System in Barn
Shi Jianzhu
(College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China)
Abstract:Temperature and humidity is a very important parameter. In many places, such as
the industrial, medical, and military, you need the temperature and humidity measurement
device to monitor temperature and humidity. Direct wiring measurement does not meet the
requirements, especially in some environments, such as, harsh industrial environments and
outdoor environments. Therefore, the wireless transmission of temperature and humidity
information is particularly necessary.
At present, some devices can be used to monitor wireless temperature and humidity, but
the price is the biggest drawback, the price is too high. The system must be stable, real-time
and low power consumption in actual control. Therefore, the design of a low-power
consumption wireless temperature and humidity monitoring system makes sense. This paper
presents a solution for wireless data transmission, the program is based on the nRF24L01 to
design the monitorint system of wireless temperature and humidity. The system uses the
traditional microcontroller ATmega16 and digital temperature and humidity sensor AM2301
to form multi-point, real-time wireless temperature and humidity monitoring system. Through
a simple wireless communication protocols, bring about reliability and power balance. The
system is a remote wireless temperature and humidity monitoring system.
The system uses wireless communication technology to build a distributed wireless
sensor networks. The temperature and humidity data acquisition and transmission based on
sensor nodes, with a simple network, easy maintenance, low operation cost. The system can
be applied to a large granary temperature and humidity monitoring.
Key word: ATmega16 AM2301 Wireless Transmission nRF24l01
目 录
1 前言.......................................................................................................................................1
2 系统方案分析与选择论证...................................................................................................1
2.1 系统最终方案...................................................................................................................1
2.2 系统方案设计...................................................................................................................2
2.2.1 主控芯片方案................................................................................................................2
2.2.2 无线通信模块方案........................................................................................................2
2.2.3 温湿度传感器方案........................................................................................................3
2.2.4 显示模块方案................................................................................................................3
3 主要芯片介绍和系统模块硬件设计...................................................................................4
3.1 ATmega16L-8AI 单片机..................................................................................................4
3.2 nRF24L01 无线模块 ........................................................................................................5
3.2.1 nRF24L01 模块电路图 .................................................................................................5
3.2.2 nRF24L01 模块接口电路 .............................................................................................5
3.2.3 nRF24L01 模块供电电源 .............................................................................................6
3.2.4 nRF24L01 模块工作模式 .............................................................................................6
3.2.5 nRF24L01 模块工作原理 .............................................................................................7
3.2.6 nRF24L01 配置字 .........................................................................................................8
3.3 数字温湿度传感器 AM2301 ..........................................................................................8
3.3.1 AM2301 概述 ................................................................................................................8
3.3.2 AM2301 接口及温湿采集电路 ....................................................................................9
3.3.3 AM2301 工作原理 ........................................................................................................9
3.4 显示模块 TFT-LCD .......................................................................................................10
4 系统软件设计.....................................................................................................................11
4.1 单片机软件设计.............................................................................................................11
4.1.1 发送端流程..................................................................................................................11
4.1.2 接收端流程..................................................................................................................12
5 硬件电路.............................................................................................................................13
5.1 硬件制作.........................................................................................................................13
5.2 硬件调试.........................................................................................................................14
5.3 硬件调试结果.................................................................................................................14
5.3.1 温湿度采集测试..........................................................................................................15
5.3.2 nRF24L01 无线模块测试 ...........................................................................................18
6 结论与展望.........................................................................................................................18
参考文献...................................................................................................................................19
附录...........................................................................................................................................20
致谢...........................................................................................................................................22
华南农业大学本科生毕业设计成绩评定表
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