软件开发设计外文翻译文献本科毕业论文正文终稿.doc

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Software Development Concepts and Design

Methodologies

Dur i n g th e 1960 s , mai n f r a m e s an d hi g h e r le v e l pr o g r a m m i n g

lan g u a g e s wer e applied to ma n y pr o b l e m s in c l u d i n g hu m a n re s o u r c e

sys t e m s , r e s e r v a t i o n s ystems, and m a n u f a c t u r i n g s y s t e m s. Compute r s

and so f t w a r e we r e se e n as th e cu r e al l fo r ma n y bu s i n e s s i s s u e s we r e

ope r a t i o n a l c o s t s

�La c k of fram e w o r k fo r co n s i s t e n t an d re g u l a r cu s t o m e r

com m u n i c a t i o n s

At th i s ti m e , t h e concept o f s t ructured pr o g r a m m i n g , top - d o w n

des i g n , st e p w i s e re f i n e m e n t ， an d mo d u l a r i t y em e r g e d. St r u c tured

pro g r a m m i n g is s till th e mo s t do m i n a n t ap p r o a c h to so f tware

eng i n e e r i n g a nd is s t i ll ev o l v i n g . These fa i l u r e s le d t o the c o n c e p t

of "s o f t w a r e en g i n e e r i n g " ba s e d up on the idea that an engi n e e r i n g - l i k e

dis c i p l i n e c o u l d b e a p p l ied to sof t w a r e d e s i g n a n d d e v e lopment.

Sof t w a r e de s i g n is a pr o c e s s wh e r e th e so f t ware designer ap p l i e s