其余单片机步进电机转速控制器.doc

摘要

步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。在

非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉

冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，即给电机加一个脉冲信号，电机则转过一

个步距角。这一线性关系的存在，加上步进电机只有周期性的误差而无累

冲的频率从而实现对步进电机的转速进行控制，实现电机调速与正反转的

功能。

关键词： 步进电机；单片机；调速系统

ABSTRACT

It is changing the electric impulse signal to the open loop

control component of angular motion or thread displacement that

step advances the electrical machinery. The rotational speed of

electrical machinery and the seat that stops only to depend on

frequency and the pulse of the pulse signal number under the

circumstances of non- overload, and with namelying because of

the influence of load change, but the electrical machinery

velocity modulation of electrical machinery generally to be the

frequency that the pulse of electrical machinery step is

advanced in the change input is realized that the step advances

the velocity modulation of electrical machinery, and advances

the electrical machinery and whenever moves a built-in angle tos

a pulse because of step, delay-Doppler mapping the length comes

that the concrete control step advances the rotational speed

that the horn comes to change the electrical machinery, thus

realizes that the step advances the velocity modulation of

electrical machinery. Thus the frequency that the timer which

realizes electrical machinery velocity modulation and function

1.3.1 步进电机的基本参数 3

1.3.2 步进电机动态指标与术语 4

1.4.1 步进电机分为三大类 5

1.4.2 步进电机的外结构

3 硬件电路的设计 13

3.1.1 单片机的引脚功能 14

3.1.2 主要特性 14

3.2.1 三相单三拍通电方式 16

3.2.2 三相双三拍通电方式 17

3.8.2 看门狗电路各引脚功能 34

4 算法的设计 36

5 软件的设计 43

5.4.1　正反转程序流程图 46

5.4.2 转速快慢程序流程图 47

5.4.3 定时中断流程图 48

7 总结 52