Transport Layer 3-5
!2&!
•
!! &-%0
•
')! (&
•
!%! %-0!!
!-(!!0!
in
out
=
in
out
>
in
out
“costs” of congestion:
more work (retrans) for given “goodput”
unneeded retransmissions: link carries multiple copies of pkt
R/2
R/2
in
out
b.
R/2
R/2
in
out
a.
R/2
R/2
in
out
c.
R/4
R/3
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