【知识点详解】
1. 名词性从句：名词性从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在这些从句中，名词性从句充当一个名词的作用，可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
2. 表语从句：如例句"The famous player tried again and again after each failure. That is why he succeeded at last."中，"why he succeeded at last"就是一个表语从句，用来解释"That"（即"那"）是什么原因。
3. 宾语从句：如例句"The retired engineer is showing how the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know."中的"how the wheelchair climbs stairs"是宾语从句，作为动词"showing"的直接宾语，解释展示的内容。
4. 同位语从句：例如"Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact that he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional."，"that he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional"是对fact的详细解释，是同位语从句。
5. whether引导的宾语从句："Success partially depends on whether you have the patience to do simple things perfectly."，"whether you have the patience..."是介词"on"后的宾语从句，表示不确定的情况。
6. where引导的宾语从句："Can you tell me where I can buy one?"中，"where I can buy one"是"tell"的宾语，表示询问地点。
7. what引导的主语从句："What is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions."，"What is well known to everyone"在句中充当主语，"what"在这里指代大家都知道的事情。
8. when引导的主语从句："Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565."，"when the potato was introduced into Europe"为主语从句，表示不确定的时间。
9. It is expected that...句型："It is expected that over 100,000 people will take part in a massive parade at Beijing's Tian'anmen Square."，"that over 100,000 people will take part..."是真正主语，"It"为形式主语。
10. how引导的宾语从句："And there you can learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals."，"how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals"是learn的宾语，说明学习的内容。
11. what引导的表语从句："And that's really what makes the whole journey so much fun."，"what makes the whole journey so much fun"解释了"that"的内容，是表语从句。
12. 这个句子是不完整的，应该是"This is why many people fall short: You should be washing your hands..."，这里的"why"引导了一个表语从句，解释了人们为什么会失败的原因。
以上就是关于名词性从句的详细讲解，包括各种类型及其在句子中的作用。在高考英语复习中，掌握好名词性从句的运用至关重要，因为它们是构建复杂句型和准确表达思想的关键。通过不断的练习和理解，考生可以提升语言表达的精准度和多样性。
