一、 独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式
1. 独立主格结构 (the absolute structure )是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种
独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
2. 独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,但需特
别注意的是, 这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系, 既独立主格结构和主句之间没有任何连
接词。
3. 独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句
分开。
4. 独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从
句或两个句子来代替。
5. 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
6. with 常常用在独立主格结构前,构成介词短语作状语。这种用法中的 with 不表达什么意
义,因而常可省略。
二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式
独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式, 即名词/代词+分词 (短语)外, 还有如下特殊构成形
式。
1.名词+介词短语
The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure pace toward the puzzled journalist , a bunch of
flowers in his hands .(广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花, 迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。 )
2.名词+形容词(短语)
The Trojans asleep ,the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse .(特洛伊人
睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。 )
3.名词+副词
This little excitement over ,nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my
mute companion .(一阵小小的兴奋过后,除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外,别无它事可干
了。)
三、独立主格结构的用法练习
1.Ford tried dividing the labor ,each worker________a separate task .
A.assigning B .assigned C .was assigned D . would be assigned
2.The lecture________ ,he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving
disturbed the speaker .
A.began B .beginning C. having begun D .being beginning
3.Such________the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints .
A.being B .is C.was D .to be
4.Darkness________in ,the young people lingered on merrymaking .
A.set B .setting C.has set D .was set
5.With all factors________ ,we think this program may excel all the others in achieving
the goal .
A.being considered B.considering C .considered D.are considered
6.A new technique________ ,the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent .
A.to have been worked out B.having worked out C .working out D.having been worked
out