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The Cargo Book.pdf

rust

cargo

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Cargo is the Rust package manager. Cargo downloads your Rust package’s dependencies,compiles your packages, makes distributable packages, and uploads them to crates.io, the Rust community’s package registry. You can contribute to this book on GitHub.

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2020/4/19 The Cargo Book

https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/print.html 1/268

The Cargo Book

Cargo is the Rust package manager. Cargo downloads your Rust package’s dependencies,

compiles your packages, makes distributable packages, and uploads them to crates.io, the

Rust community’s package registry. You can contribute to this book on GitHub.

Sections

Getting Started

To get started with Cargo, install Cargo (and Rust) and set up your rst crate.

Cargo Guide

The guide will give you all you need to know about how to use Cargo to develop Rust

packages.

Cargo Reference

The reference covers the details of various areas of Cargo.

Frequently Asked Questions

Appendicies:

Glossary

Git Authentication

Getting Started

To get started with Cargo, install Cargo (and Rust) and set up your rst crate.

2020/4/19 The Cargo Book

https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/print.html 2/268

Installation

First steps with Cargo

Installation

Install Rust and Cargo

The easiest way to get Cargo is to install the current stable release of Rust by using rustup .

Installing Rust using rustup will also install cargo .

On Linux and macOS systems, this is done as follows:

It will download a script, and start the installation. If everything goes well, you’ll see this

appear:

On Windows, download and run rustup-init.exe. It will start the installation in a console and

present the above message on success.

After this, you can use the rustup command to also install beta or nightly channels for

Rust and Cargo.

For other installation options and information, visit the install page of the Rust website.

Build and Install Cargo from Source

Alternatively, you can build Cargo from source.

First Steps with Cargo

To start a new package with Cargo, use cargo new :

Cargo defaults to --bin to make a binary program. To make a library, we'd pass --lib .

Let’s check out what Cargo has generated for us:

$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

Rust is installed now. Great!

$ cargo new hello_world

2020/4/19 The Cargo Book

https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/print.html 3/268

This is all we need to get started. First, let’s check out Cargo.toml :

This is called a manifest, and it contains all of the metadata that Cargo needs to compile

your package.

Here’s what’s in src/main.rs :

Cargo generated a “hello world” for us. Let’s compile it:

And then run it:

We can also use cargo run to compile and then run it, all in one step:

Going further

For more details on using Cargo, check out the Cargo Guide

$ cd hello_world

$ tree .

├── Cargo.toml

└── src

└── main.rs

1 directory, 2 files

[package]

name = "hello_world"

version = "0.1.0"

authors = ["Your Name <you@example.com>"]

edition = "2018"

[dependencies]

fn main() {

println!("Hello, world!");

}

$ cargo build

Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/package/hello_world)

$ ./target/debug/hello_world

Hello, world!

$ cargo run

Fresh hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/package/hello_world)

Running `target/hello_world`

Hello, world!

2020/4/19 The Cargo Book

https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/print.html 4/268

Cargo Guide

This guide will give you all that you need to know about how to use Cargo to develop Rust

packages.

Why Cargo Exists

Creating a New Package

Working on an Existing Cargo Package

Dependencies

Package Layout

Cargo.toml vs Cargo.lock

Tests

Continuous Integration

Cargo Home

Build Cache

Why Cargo Exists

Cargo is a tool that allows Rust packages to declare their various dependencies and ensure

that you’ll always get a repeatable build.

To accomplish this goal, Cargo does four things:

Introduces two metadata les with various bits of package information.

Fetches and builds your package’s dependencies.

Invokes rustc or another build tool with the correct parameters to build your

package.

Introduces conventions to make working with Rust packages easier.

Creating a New Package

To start a new package with Cargo, use cargo new :

We’re passing --bin because we’re making a binary program: if we were making a library,

we’d pass --lib . This also initializes a new git repository by default. If you don't want it to

do that, pass --vcs none .

Let’s check out what Cargo has generated for us:

$ cargo new hello_world --bin

2020/4/19 The Cargo Book

https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/print.html 5/268

Let’s take a closer look at Cargo.toml :

This is called a manifest, and it contains all of the metadata that Cargo needs to compile

your package.

Here’s what’s in src/main.rs :

Cargo generated a “hello world” for us. Let’s compile it:

And then run it:

We can also use cargo run to compile and then run it, all in one step (You won't see the

Compiling line if you have not made any changes since you last compiled):

You’ll now notice a new le, Cargo.lock . It contains information about our dependencies.

Since we don’t have any yet, it’s not very interesting.

Once you’re ready for release, you can use cargo build --release to compile your les

with optimizations turned on:

$ cd hello_world

$ tree .

├── Cargo.toml

└── src

└── main.rs

1 directory, 2 files

[package]

name = "hello_world"

version = "0.1.0"

authors = ["Your Name <you@example.com>"]

edition = "2018"

[dependencies]

fn main() {

println!("Hello, world!");

}

$ cargo build

Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/package/hello_world)

$ ./target/debug/hello_world

Hello, world!

$ cargo run

Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/package/hello_world)

Running `target/debug/hello_world`

Hello, world!

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