Storage Futures Study: Key Learnings for the Coming Decades | v
Table 1
Storage Future Study Series Reports
Title Description Relation to This Report
The Four Phases of
Storage Deployment:
A Framework for the
Expanding Role of
Storage in the U.S. Power
System (Denholm et al.
2020)
Explores the roles and opportunities for new,
cost-competitive stationary energy storage
with a conceptual framework based on four
phases of current and potential future storage
deployment and presents a value proposition for
energy storage that could result in cost-eective
deployments reaching hundreds of gigawatts of
installed capacity.
Provides broader context on
the implications of the cost and
performance characteristics discussed
in this report, including specic grid
services they may enable in various
phases of storage deployment. This
framework is supported by the results of
scenarios in this project.
Energy Storage
Technology Modeling
Input Data Report
(Augustine et al. 2021)
Reviews the current characteristics of a
broad range of mechanical, thermal, and
electrochemical storage technologies with
application to the power sector. Provides current
and future projections of cost, performance
characteristics, and locational availability of
specic commercial technologies already
deployed, including lithium-ion battery systems
and pumped storage hydropower.
Provides detailed background about
the battery and pumped storage
hydropower cost and performance
values used as inputs to the modeling
performed in this project.
Economic Potential of
Diurnal Storage in the
U.S. Power Sector (Frazier
et al. 2021)
Assesses the economic potential for utility-scale
diurnal storage and the eects that storage
capacity additions could have on power system
evolution and operations.
This report features a series of cost-
driven grid-scale capacity expansion
scenarios for the U.S. grid through 2050
and examines the drivers for storage
deployment.
Distributed Storage
Customer Adoption
Scenarios (Prasanna et
al. 2021)
Assesses the customer adoption of distributed
diurnal storage for several future scenarios and
the implications for the deployment of distributed
generation and power system evolution.
Analyzes distributed storage adoption
scenarios to test the various cost
trajectories and assumptions in parallel
to the grid storage deployments
modeled in this report.
The Challenges of
Dening Long-Duration
Energy Storage
(Denholm et al. 2021)
Describes the challenge of a single uniform
denition for long-duration energy storage to
reect both duration and application of the
stored energy.
Advances dialogue around the meaning
of long-duration energy storage and
how it ts into future power systems.
Grid Operational
Implications of
Widespread Storage
Deployment (Jorgenson
et al. 2022)
Assesses the operation and associated value
streams of energy storage for several power
system evolution scenarios and explores
the implications of seasonal storage on grid
operations.
Considers the operational implications of
storage deployment and grid evolution
scenarios to examine and expand on the
grid-scale scenario results found with
NREL’s Regional Energy Deployment
System model in this report.
Storage Futures Study:
Key Learnings For the
Coming Decades
Synthesizes and summarizes ndings from the
entire series and related analyses and reports
and identies topics for further research.
This report.
