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安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）

基于温度传感器的 CC2430 节点设计

摘要

无线传感器网络是由分布在各个区域的自组织节点设备的无线网络。这些节点设

备通过自身的传感器来监测周围的物理或者环境状况，比如温度、声音、压力、震动

等，通过汇总和分析这些信息做出决策。无线传感网络最初应用在军事领域，用以战

地的一些监测。近年来，无线传感网络越来越多的应用在民用工程上，包括环境监测，

家庭自动化，交通控制等领域。随着无线传感器网络应用的越来越广泛，它成为了当

前研究的热点之一。

无线传感器网络是由大量的节点组成的，节点在无线传感网络中具有路由和感知

的功能。通常无线传感网络由大量的低成本、资源受限的传感器节点组成，用来部署

在复杂的环境中，节点往往通过电池来供电。因此，在无线传感网络节点操作系统设

计时，低功耗是一个具有挑战的新问题。传感器节点数量众多，分布区域广泛，甚至

有时是处在难以接近的环境中，通过手动来实现节点上软件的更新和故障修复的难度

很大，因此，需要节点具有通过无线网络更新的能力。针对无线传感器网络技术的特

点，一项新的技术标准 ZigBee 技术在 2002 年被提出并不断被更新和完善，并获得了广

泛的支持。ZigBee 技术作为一种新兴的近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低数据速率、低

成本的无线网络技术，主要用于近距离无线连接。它有自己的协议标准，在数千个微

小的传感器之间相互协调实现通信，这些传感器只需要很少的能量，以接力的方式通

过无线电波将数据从一个传感器传到另一个传感器，所以其通信效率非常高。

本文首先介绍了无线传感网络技术的发展现状、ZigBee 技术规范及 ZigBee 芯片

CC2430 的特点。其次具体论述了采用 CC2430 完成温度测量系统的设计方案，讨论了

无线网络的功耗管理方法、无线网络的配置、利用片内温度传感器检测环境温度、从

节点温度数据的发送、主节点对温度数据的接收及上传给上位机显示等内容。

关键词：无线传感器网络；ZigBee；协议 802.15.4；CC2430；无线通信

王洋洋：基于温度传感器的 CC2430 节点设计

Node Design of CC2430 Based On Temperature Sensor

Abstract

A Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is a network consisting of spatially distributed self-

organizing devices. These devices use their sensors to monitor devices. Their sensors to

monitor environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure vibration, and so on.

Decision is made after data acquisition and information processing. WSN were originally

motivated by military applications, such as battlefield surveillance. In addition areas,

including environment monitoring, home automation, and traffic control. WSNs become one

of the hottest research directions of computer science now days.

WSNs consist of large number of sensor nodes which have the capability of computing,

sensing and communicating. Most sensor nodes are low-cost and resources constrained

compared to other embedded systems, so it can be deployed in a large scale. Energy efficiency

is one of the most challenging issues since most of the sensor nodes are battery powered.

Usually a large number of sensor nodes are spread over a large field which is usually

unreachable. Updating software manually is impossible. So network managers need remote

reprogramming ability in order to add new functionality or fix software bugs.In view of the

technical characteristics of wireless sensor networks, a new technical standard in 2002 was

proposed and has obtained the widespread support after updating and improving. It is the

ZigBee technology. ZigBee technology as one kind of emerging wireless network technology

with near distance, low complexity, the low powerless, the low date rate, the low cast, is

mainly used in the near distant wireless connection. It has its own agreement standard to

communicate between several thousand small sensors intercoordination realization

communications. These sensors only need very few energies, pass the date by the relay way

through the radio wave from a sensor to anther, therefore they communicate with an extreme

by high efficiency wireless connection.

This article briefly introduced the development of WSN technology and the

specification of it, also the characteristics of the CC2430 chip on which the ZigBee

technology can be implemented. Beside, it give a sample application example on how to

realize a distributed temperature measure task, including power consumption management,

configuration of the wireless network, using the on-chip temperature sensor to detect the

environment temperature, the way the temperature data is send from child-device, and the

receiving of temperature. data on the coordinate side, and the waythe data is up-loaded to a

PC, on which the data is further display.

Key words： WSN; ZigBee; Protocol 802.15.4; CC2430; wireless communication

安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）
目    录
引 言................................................................................................................................1
第 1 章 绪论......................................................................................................................2
1 论文研究的背景以及意义........................................................................................2
2 研究现状及发展趋势..............................................................................................2
第 2 章 IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee 无线传感器网络通信标准.....................................................4
1 IEEE802.15.4 协议标准........................................................................................4
1.1 IEEE802.15.4 的主要特点...........................................................................4
2 ZigBee 技术概述..................................................................................................5
2.1 ZigBee 协议架构.........................................................................................5
2.2 ZigBee 的技术参数及优势............................................................................6
第 3 章 无线传感器网络节点的总体设计................................................................................8
1 系统总体设计原则.................................................................................................8
2 系统硬件设计........................................................................................................8
2.1 系统总体结构..............................................................................................8
2.2 设备节点设计............................................................................................10
2.3 数据采集模块............................................................................................11
2.4 数据处理模块............................................................................................12
2.5 无线通信模块............................................................................................13
2.6 电源模块...................................................................................................14
2.7 USB 转串口电路设计..................................................................................15
3 软件设计............................................................................................................16
3.1 传感器节点的软件结构................................................................................16
3.2 通信协议体系结构......................................................................................17
3.3 网络协议设计............................................................................................18
第 4 章 案例分析..............................................................................................................19
1 无线温度采集及串口通信演示...............................................................................19
1.1 开发环境——IAR Embedded Workbench..................................................19
1.2 CC2430 开发套件.....................................................................................21
1.3 实验步骤及结果.........................................................................................24
2 网络配置............................................................................................................25
2.1 从节点使用片内温度传感器检侧环境温度......................................................25
2.2 从节点温度数据的发送................................................................................26
2.3 主节点对温度数据的接收............................................................................26
2.4 主节点将温度数据上传 PC 机.......................................................................26
2.5 在 PC 机上显示采集到的温度数据................................................................27
III