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1
Chapter 8
Design Concepts
Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 7/e
by Roger S. Pressman
2
Design
Good software design should exhibit:
Firmness(
稳定性
): A program should not
have any bugs that inhibit its function.
Commodity(
适用性
): A program should be
suitable for the purposes for which it was
intended.
Delight(
令人愉快
): The experience of using
the program should be pleasurable one.
3
Analysis Model => Design Model
Analysis Model
use-cases - text
use-case diagrams
activity diagrams
swim lane diagrams
data flow diagrams
control-flow diagrams
processing narratives
f low- orient ed
elements
behavioral
elements
class- based
elements
sc enario- based
elements
class diagrams
analysis packages
CRC models
collaboration diagrams
state diagrams
sequence diagrams
Dat a/ Class Design
Arc hit ec t ural Design
Int erfac e Design
Component -
Level Design
Design Model
4
Three Characters of Design Quality
the design must implement all of the explicit( 明确
的 ) requirements contained in the analysis model,
and it must accommodate all of the implicit( 隐含
的 ) requirements desired by the customer.
the design must be a readable, understandable
guide for those who generate code and for those
who test and subsequently support the software.
the design should provide a complete picture( 全
貌 ) of the software, addressing the data, functional,
and behavioral domains from an implementation
perspective.
5
Design Quality Guidelines
A design should exhibit an architecture that (1) has been created using recognizable
architectural styles or patterns, (2) is composed of components that exhibit good design
characteristics and (3) can be implemented in an evolutionary fashion.
A design should be modular; that is, the software should be logically partitioned into
elements or subsystems.
A design should contain representations of data, architecture, interfaces, and components.
A design should lead to data structures that are appropriate for the classes to be
implemented.
A design should lead to components that exhibit independent functional
characteristics.
A design should lead to interfaces that reduce the complexity of connections between
components and with the external environment.
A design should be derived using a repeatable method that is driven by information obtained
during software requirements analysis.
A design should be represented using a notation that effectively communicates its meaning.
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