没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
ISO 21448,全称为“Road vehicles — Safety of the intended functionality”,是一个由国际标准化组织(ISO)制定的国际标准,旨在确保自动驾驶车辆和其他智能交通系统的预期功能安全性。这个标准是由ISO的TC 22(道路车辆技术委员会)下属的SC 32(车载信息、通信和通用系统)的WG 8(安全与网络安全)工作小组负责编制的。日本汽车工程师学会(JSAE)担任秘书处。
该标准于2021年11月1日发布,并处于最终草案国际标准(FDIS)阶段,这意味着它还不是正式的ISO国际标准,可能会根据收到的反馈进行修改,因此不应作为国际标准引用。参与审查和评论的人员被邀请报告他们所知的任何相关专利权,并提供支持性文档。
ISO 21448的核心目标是定义和管理智能交通系统和自动驾驶汽车的安全预期功能,即确保这些系统在设计时就考虑到可能出现的各种情况,并能以安全的方式响应。这涉及到对系统行为的深入理解和预期,以防止因系统功能不当而导致的事故或危险情况。标准的制定考虑了各种潜在的风险,包括软件错误、硬件故障、系统交互、环境感知误差等。
标准的内容可能包括以下几个方面:
1. **范围**:明确标准适用的范围,例如自动驾驶汽车、智能交通系统以及相关的硬件和软件组件。
2. **规范性参考**:列出本标准依赖的其他国际标准和技术文档,这些参考为确保功能安全提供了基础。
3. **术语和定义**:定义关键概念和术语,以便在整个标准中保持一致的理解。
4. **安全生命周期**:描述从设计、开发、测试到运行和维护整个过程中,如何管理和验证预期功能的安全性。
5. **风险评估**:规定如何识别、分析和评估潜在的风险,以确定安全需求。
6. **安全目标**:定义系统必须达到的安全目标,这些目标基于风险评估的结果。
7. **功能安全要求**:详细阐述系统应满足的特定功能安全要求,以防止意外行为。
8. **验证和确认**:规定如何验证系统是否符合标准要求,包括模拟测试、实地试验和系统审核。
9. **错误处理和故障模式**:规定系统如何识别和应对错误,以及如何设计以减少故障对安全的影响。
10. **用户交互和警告**:讨论如何设计有效的用户界面和警告系统,确保驾驶员或乘客理解系统状态并能做出适当的响应。
通过实施ISO 21448,自动驾驶汽车行业能够建立一套统一的全球标准,以确保智能交通系统在复杂环境中能够实现预期的功能安全,保护乘客和公众的生命安全。这一标准对于推动自动驾驶技术的发展和广泛应用至关重要,同时也为监管机构提供了一套评估和监管自动驾驶安全性的框架。
ISO 21448:2021(E)
2021-11-01
ISO TC 22/SC 32/WG 8
Secretariat: JSAE
Road vehicles— Safety of the intended functionality
FDIS stage
Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
ISO 21448:2021(E)
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or
posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested
from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
Contents
Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 10
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 10
3 Terms and definitions................................................................................................................................. 11
4 Overview and organization of SOTIF activities ................................................................................. 20
4.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.2 SOTIF principles .................................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3 Use of this document ........................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Management of SOTIF activities and supporting processes ............................................................... 28
5 Specification and design ............................................................................................................................ 30
5.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 30
5.2 Specification of the functionality and considerations for the design .............................................. 30
5.3 System design and architecture considerations ...................................................................................... 31
5.4 Performance Insufficiencies and countermeasures considerations ............................................... 32
5.5 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
6 Identification and evaluation of hazards ............................................................................................. 34
6.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 34
6.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 35
ISO 21448:2021(E)
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
6.3 Hazard identification .......................................................................................................................................... 35
6.4 Risk evaluation ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.5 Specification of acceptance criteria for the residual risk ..................................................................... 39
6.6 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
7 Identification and evaluation of potential functional insufficiencies and potential
triggering conditions ................................................................................................................................................. 41
7.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 41
7.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 41
7.3 Analysis of potential functional insufficiencies and triggering conditions .................................. 41
7.4 Estimation of the acceptability of the system's response to the triggering conditions........... 48
7.5 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
8 Functional modifications addressing SOTIF-related risks ............................................................ 49
8.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 49
8.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 49
8.3 Measures to improve the SOTIF ..................................................................................................................... 50
8.4 Updating the input information for “Specification and design” ........................................................ 53
8.5 Work Products ....................................................................................................................................................... 53
9 Definition of the verification and validation strategy ..................................................................... 53
9.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 53
9.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 53
9.3 Specification of integration and testing ...................................................................................................... 55
9.4 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
10 Evaluation of known scenarios ............................................................................................................... 58
10.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 58
10.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 58
10.3 Sensing verification ............................................................................................................................................. 58
10.4 Planning algorithm verification ...................................................................................................................... 59
10.5 Actuation verification ......................................................................................................................................... 60
10.6 Integrated system verification ........................................................................................................................ 61
10.7 Evaluation of the residual risk due to known hazardous scenarios ................................................ 62
10.8 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
11 Evaluation of unknown scenarios .......................................................................................................... 63
11.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 63
11.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63
ISO 21448:2021(E)
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
11.3 Evaluation of residual risk due to unknown hazardous scenarios .................................................. 63
11.4 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
12 Evaluation of the achievement of the SOTIF ....................................................................................... 65
12.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 65
12.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 66
12.3 Methods and criteria for evaluating the SOTIF ........................................................................................ 66
12.4 Recommendation for SOTIF release ............................................................................................................. 67
12.5 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 68
13 Operation phase activities ........................................................................................................................ 68
13.1 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................. 68
13.2 General ...................................................................................................................................................................... 68
13.3 Topics for observation ....................................................................................................................................... 69
13.4 SOTIF issue evaluation and resolution process ....................................................................................... 70
13.5 Work products ....................................................................................................................................................... 71
Annex A (informative) General guidance on SOTIF ....................................................................................... 72
A.1 Examples of structuring the SOTIF argumentation with GSN ........................................................... 72
A.2 Explanations regarding the interaction between functional safety according to the ISO 26262
series and this document..................................................................................................................................................... 100
A.3 Simplified SOTIF application examples ..................................................................................................... 110
Annex B (informative) Guidance on scenario and system analyses ..................................................... 113
B.1 Method for deriving SOTIF misuse scenarios ......................................................................................... 113
B.2 Example construction of scenario factors for SOTIF safety analysis method ........................... 117
B.3 Examples of adaptation of safety analyses to identify and evaluate the potential triggering
conditions and functional insufficiencies ..................................................................................................................... 122
B.4 Applying STPA in the context of SOTIF for ADAS and automated vehicles ................................ 134
Annex C (informative) Guidance on SOTIF verification and validation .............................................. 139
C.1 Purpose of the verification and validation strategy ............................................................................. 139
C.2 Derivation of validation targets .................................................................................................................... 140
C.3 Validation of SOTIF Applicable Systems ................................................................................................... 147
C.4 Perception system verification and validation ....................................................................................... 150
C.5 Guidance on scenario parameterization and sampling ...................................................................... 159
C.6 Considerations for reducing validation testing...................................................................................... 167
Annex D (informative) Guidance on specific aspects of SOTIF............................................................... 173
D.1 Guidance for driving policy specification ................................................................................................. 173
ISO 21448:2021(E)
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
D.2 Implications for machine learning .............................................................................................................. 185
D.3 SOTIF considerations for maps..................................................................................................................... 191
D.4 SOTIF considerations for V2X ....................................................................................................................... 193
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................. 195
剩余196页未读,继续阅读
资源推荐
资源评论
5星 · 资源好评率100%
2020-09-29 上传
158 浏览量
176 浏览量
157 浏览量
5星 · 资源好评率100%
142 浏览量
5星 · 资源好评率100%
5星 · 资源好评率100%
164 浏览量
5星 · 资源好评率100%
2018-01-20 上传
5星 · 资源好评率100%
5星 · 资源好评率100%
170 浏览量
5星 · 资源好评率100%
5星 · 资源好评率100%
128 浏览量
5星 · 资源好评率100%
188 浏览量
195 浏览量
资源评论
西瓜瓤瓤
- 粉丝: 0
- 资源: 2
上传资源 快速赚钱
- 我的内容管理 展开
- 我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
- 我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
- 我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
- 我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
- 我的收藏
- 我的下载
- 下载帮助
最新资源
- 基于ssh员工管理系统
- 5G SRM815模组原理框图.jpg
- T型3电平逆变器,lcl滤波器滤波器参数计算,半导体损耗计算,逆变电感参数设计损耗计算 mathcad格式输出,方便修改 同时支持plecs损耗仿真,基于plecs的闭环仿真,电压外环,电流内环
- 毒舌(解锁版).apk
- 显示HEX、S19、Bin、VBF等其他汽车制造商特定的文件格式
- 操作系统实验 Ucore lab5
- 8bit逐次逼近型SAR ADC电路设计成品 入门时期的第三款sarADC,适合新手学习等 包括电路文件和详细设计文档 smic0.18工艺,单端结构,3.3V供电 整体采样率500k,可实现基
- 操作系统实验 ucorelab4内核线程管理
- 脉冲注入法,持续注入,启动低速运行过程中注入,电感法,ipd,力矩保持,无霍尔无感方案,媲美有霍尔效果 bldc控制器方案,无刷电机 提供源码,原理图
- Matlab Simulink#直驱永磁风电机组并网仿真模型 基于永磁直驱式风机并网仿真模型 采用背靠背双PWM变流器,先整流,再逆变 不仅实现电机侧的有功、无功功率的解耦控制和转速调节,而且能实
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功