斜程能见度探测的米-拉曼散射扫描型激光雷达研制.docx
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2023-02-23
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摘要
针对飞机起降安全的斜程能见度探测问题,研制了一台 4 通道的米-拉曼散射扫描型激光雷
达,可实现双波长无假定的大气消光系数廓线反演,进而可精细探测大气斜程能见度。基于
大气能见度理论,假设观测路径附近无光源且忽略气溶胶粒子谱分布影响,分析了采用大气
平均消光系数反演斜程能见度的有效性。该激光雷达采用 Nd∶YAG 激光器的基频(1064
nm)和三倍频(355 nm)激光脉冲作为光源,采用以二向色镜和窄带干涉滤光片为核心的拉曼
光谱分光系统,利用有限状态机理论和多线程并发技术实现多模块协同控制软件。结合侧向
散射型能见度仪,开展初步观测实验与分析。结果表明,当天气为多云转阴,地面水平能见度
为 9 km,俯仰角为 26°时,所研制系统累积观测 4 min 的有效探测距离优于 11 km,近地面分
析结果取得了很好的一致性。
Abstract
ing at the problem of slant visibility detection for safe take-off and landing of aircraft, a 4-
channel Mie-Raman scattering scanning lidar is developed to achieve the dual-
wavelength assumption-free retrieval of the atmospheric extinction coefficient profile, and
then to finely obtain atmospheric slant visibility. Based on the atmospheric visibility
theory, assuming that there is no light source near the observation path and ignoring the
influence of aerosol particle spectrum distribution, the effectiveness of using atmospheric
mean extinction coefficient to retrieve slant visibility is analyzed. This lidar utilizes the
fundamental frequency (1064 nm) and triple frequency (355 nm) laser pulses of the Nd∶
YAG laser as the light source, adopts the Raman polychromator with dichroic mirrors and
narrow-band interference filters, and uses the finite state machine theory and multi-
thread concurrency technique to realize the multi-module collaborative control software.
Combined with the side-scattering visibility meter, the preliminary observation
experiments and comparative analysis are carried out. The results show that when the
weather is cloudy to overcast, the ground horizontal visibility is 9 km and the pitch angle
is 26°, the effective detection distance of this system within 4 min cumulative time is
better than 11 km, and the near-ground analysis results are in good agreement.
1 引言
大气能见度是表征大气对视觉影响的物理量,若忽略人眼生理视觉特征的影响,则基于亮度
对比的大气能见度就成为大气透明程度和光学状态的重要指标
[1]
。依据观测路径大气状态
的均匀性,大气能见度可分为水平能见度(通常假设大气水平分布均匀)和斜程能见度。水平
能见度已成为气象领域中的常规观测量
[2]
,而斜程能见度在空间目标探测领域尤为重要,如航
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