摘要
传统的河流断面测量方法具有周期长、成本高、外业多等不足,为此提出一种基于机载激光点云的
河流横纵断面自动提取方法。首先,使用渐进三角网滤波器从机载点云中分离出地面点,用以构建
三角网模型,并将其转化成数字高程模型数据。接着,利用洼地填充、流向分析、流量分析、河流
栅格提取、矢量化等水文分析模块,从数字高程模型数据中自动提取出河流中心线。然后,修正河
流中心线并生成纵断面,沿着纵断面按固定间距自动提取横断面,并自动填充属性。最后,利用断
面线进行缓冲区分析,根据缓冲区范围从正射影像中裁剪出河流影像,并将河流影像与数字高程模
型、横纵断面数据打包成完整成果。项目应用证明,该方法具有数据精度高、更新周期短、生产成
本低等优势,适用于大范围的河流断面数据生产。
Abstract
Given many disadvantages of the traditional mea-surement methods for hydraulic
section, such as long period, high cost and heavy outdoor work, an automatic
extraction method of river cross section and vertical section is proposed based on
airborne laser point cloud. Firstly, the ground points are separated from the airborne
point cloud with incremental triangulation filter to build triangulation network model
and then it is transformed into the digital elevation model (DEM) data. Secondly,
hydrological analysis modules such as depression filling, flow direction analysis, flow
rate analysis, river grid extraction and vectorization are used to automatically
extract the center line of river from DEM data. Thirdly, the center line of river is
modified to generate the vertical section, and the cross section is automatically
extracted with fixed spacing along the vertical section. The attri-bute values of cross
section are automatically filled in. Finally, the buffer zone analysis is carried out
with section lines, and the buffer zone is used to cut out the river image from the
digital orthophoto map. Then, the river image is pac-kaged with DEM data, cross
section and vertical section data as the final product. Project application proves that
this method has the advantages of high data accuracy, short update cycle and low
production cost, which is suitable for large-scale data production of hydraulic
section.
译
关键词
机载点云; 数字高程模型; 水文分析; 纵断面; 横断面
Keywords
airborne point cloud; digital elevation model (DEM); hydrological analysis; vertical
section; cross section
译