Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSEs) are strong radar echoes produced at polar
latitude during the summer. This phenomenon is the first time observed with 50 MHz MST radar
at Poker Flat, Alaska
[1]
. The occurrence altitude of PMSE is about 80～90 km, and the strongest
echo is usually observed at about 85 km. Since its first observation at 50 MHz, PMSE have been
observed at a variety of frequencies between 2.78 and 1290 MHz. Many scientists of space and
dusty plasma physics diverted their attentions to these interesting radar phenomena and achieved a
lot of diagnostic information
[2]
.
It is now well understood that charged ice particles play a crucial role in the charge balance
of the polar summer mesosphere region where ice particles become negatively charged due to
electron attachment and hence effectively scavenge electrons
[3-9]
. This process results in electron
density depletions or the so-called electron ‘bite-outs’
[10]
. Fluctuations in electron density are
generally anti-correlated to the negative dust charge density, however, in certain regions, it is also
positively correlated
[11]
. Recently, in the Earth ionosphere the effect of charged dust particles on
radar observations was discussed
[12]
. Also, a new method for the analysis of the measurements of
mesospheric dust was presented
[13]
. The occurrence of ‘bite-outs’ is hence considered as strong
support for the existence of mesospheric ice particles. So far, electron ‘bite-outs’ in the vicinity of
PMSE have routinely been observed with the rocket-borne sensors
[10,14-16]
as well as occasionally
with ground-based radars
[17-18]
.
Study of dusty plasma is important for a number of applications in laboratory plasmas and
modern plasma technologies, as well as in space plasmas and plasma of the Earth’s environment
[19-
20]
. Scattering of electromagnetic waves in plasma is a powerful diagnostic method that has been
successfully used in the laboratory and ongoing geophysical experiments
[21-25]
.
Rocket experiments have been used to detect PMSE. In the rocket experiments, there is
equipped with a dust probe (DUSTY) for measuring dust current and an electron probe (CONE)
for measuring neutral atmospheric parameters and electron currents. When the rocket moves
through the mesopause, the charged dust particles and electrons collide with the DUSTY and
CONE probe respectively and generate current. Then the dust current and electron current were
recorded. In addition, the temperature of the mesosphere can be measured
[13,26-27]
. However, in
these experiments the radius and charge of dust particles are not measured accurately. But it is
suggested that the dust charge number can be obtained by the charging process of electron and ion
to dust particles. Later, PMSE heating experiments also detect the dust particles in the polar
mesosphere, however, we still lack numerical simulation about the charged dust particles causing
PMSE
[28-29]
. So, it is necessary to analyze the size of dust particles and estimate the electric charge
by theory and simulation.
In this paper, using the orbit-limited motion (OLM) method and the charging theory of dust
particles, the formula for dust charge is deduced in dusty plasma. The experimental data of ECT-
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