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makefile语法
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GNU Make
GNU Make
A Program for Directing Recompilation
GNU make Version 4.4.1
February 2023
Richard M. Stallman, Roland McGrath, Paul D. Smith
This file documents the GNU make utility, which determines automatically which pieces of
a large program need to be recompiled, and issues the commands to recompile them.
This is Edition 0.77, last updated 26 February 2023, of The GNU Make Manual, for GNU
make version 4.4.1.
Copyright
c
1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016,
2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover
Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
“GNU Free Documentation License.”
(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and modify
this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU
and promoting software freedom.”
Published by the Free Software Foundation
51 Franklin St. – Fifth Floor
Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
ISBN 1-882114-83-3
Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
i
Short Contents
1 Overview of make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 An Introduction to Makefiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Writing Makefiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 Writing Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5 Writing Recipes in Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6 How to Use Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7 Conditional Parts of Makefiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
8 Functions for Transforming Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9 How to Run make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
10 Using Implicit Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
11 Using make to Update Archive Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
12 Extending GNU make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
13 Integrating GNU make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
14 Features of GNU make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
15 Incompatibilities and Missing Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
16 Makefile Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
A Quick Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
B Errors Generated by Make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
C Complex Makefile Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
D GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Index of Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Index of Functions, Variables, & Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
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