没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
The Effects of Adjacent Channel Rejection 射频临道抑制比的解释ACR.pdf
需积分: 48 13 下载量 7 浏览量
2020-03-13
15:33:11
上传
评论 2
收藏 413KB PDF 举报
温馨提示
试读
17页
详细介绍的射频领域的临近信道抑制问题, 射频基础知识概念的解释。 希望对大家有用,帮助大家成长为射频工程师
资源推荐
资源详情
资源评论
SPLY005 – November 2003
White Paper
Overview ................................................................................................................................ 2
What’s at Stake? ................................................................................................................... 2
Receiver Design for ACR ..................................................................................................... 5
802.11 Receiver Architectures............................................................................................. 7
Bluetooth™ and WLAN Coexistence Issues ...................................................................... 9
In-Band Interference and Link Budgets............................................................................ 13
In-Band Signal-to-Interference Analysis........................................................................... 15
The Effects of Power Control on In-Band Interference ................................................... 16
Anticipating Interference Issues ....................................................................................... 17
The Effects of Adjacent Channel Rejection and
Adjacent Channel Interference on 802.11 WLAN Performance
The Effects of Adjacent Channel Rejection and Adjacent Channel
Interference on 802.11 WLAN Performance
2
SPLY005
The escalating deployment of wireless networking technology as well as other wireless
technologies in the same unlicensed spectrum is rapidly increasing the radio frequency (RF)
interference for Wi-Fi® (802.11) products, threatening the data throughput performance of
wireless local area networks (WLAN). At the same time, the market is demanding higher data
throughput rates for new WLAN applications like multimedia audio and video, streaming media,
voice over WLAN, and others that require quality of service (QoS) capabilities and low packet
error rates. As a consequence of an increasing amount of in-band and adjacent band
interference in the environment for WLAN equipment, the design of radios and digital filtering
has become critical. This white paper analyzes the sources of adjacent channel interference
(ACI) and the radio design practices that can improve a WLAN's adjacent channel rejection
(ACR) for better overall performance.
Overview
The problem of ACI and a need for improved RF receiver performance for Wi-Fi and WLAN
technology in both the 2.4 GHz and 5.x GHx unlicensed bands has come to the attention of
manufacturers, system designers, integrators and the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC). In fact, when the FCC released an additional 250 MHz of spectrum for 802.11 WLANs
starting at 5.4 GHz, it noted that regulatory changes soon may be needed in WLAN's crowded
band of the spectrum. The FCC may soon issue a "Notice of Inquiry" (NOI) that would gather
information on the possibility of establishing a governmental standard for radio receiver design
in this spectrum.
What's at Stake?
Future WLAN market growth could be adversely affected unless the interference problem is
addressed. Currently, the performance of a WLAN access point (AP) or client station can be
interfered with by other WLAN APs and stations in close proximity to it and other non-802.11
devices which operate in the same unlicensed band. The situation is similar to that which the
cellular telephone industry faced and solved with channel frequency reuse solutions. As the
802.11 market grows and the density of WLAN technology increases, the problem will be
exacerbated in applications such as the following:
• Corporate/enterprise deployments
• Dense commercial hot-spot deployments (strip malls, etc.)
• Residential apartment building deployments
• High density urban deployments
The performance of WLANs can be hampered by a number of sources of interference, including
the following non-802.11 equipment:
• Cordless phones (2.4 or 5.x GHz)
• Bluetooth™ personal area networking devices (2.4 GHz)
o Bluetooth wireless headphones are a special case
• Pulse radar (Using the 5.4 GHz band for pulse radar is under review in the U.S.)
• Microwave ovens (50 percent duty cycle creates pulse jamming in the 2.4 GHz band.)
• Low energy RF lighting sources (2.4 GHz)
The Effects of Adjacent Channel Rejection and Adjacent Channel
Interference on 802.11 WLAN Performance
SPLY005
3
• Spurious RF noise in integrated devices, handsets and PDAs with multiple wireless
technologies including cellular, Bluetooth and WLAN
• Wideband 5 GHz equipment for the emerging "world band" requirements
Interference can also emanate from adjacent channels. When this is the case, the design of an
802.11 system's RF sub-system and digital filtering can greatly affect the performance of the AP
or station. Moreover, the physical design of a WLAN network can overcome many of the
repercussions of in-band interference. The performance of a WLAN is often determined by the
signal-to-interference ratio (S/I or SIR), which is defined as the ratio of the data signal to the
interference signal. SIR is usually more critical to WLAN performance than the signal-to-noise
(SNR) ratio. Figure 1 below illustrates this concept.
Signal
Power
Adjacent
Channel
Interference
Desired
Signal
In-Band
Interference
Thermal
Noise Floor
SNR
(S/N)
SIR
(S/I)
Frequency
Figure 1 -- Interference Patterns
Obviously, the signals generated by commercially available wireless equipment are by no
means perfect. Indeed, the signals from 802.11 radios generate some amount of energy outside
of their approved spectrum band. This is called side band emissions. This also is true of other
wireless devices, such as Bluetooth, cordless telephones and others which occupy the same
band as 802.11. Although filtering is usually done to minimize RF interference from adjacent
channels, this interference also generates side lobe energy that falls into the pass band of
802.11 WLAN signals. If the ACI is much stronger than the 802.11 signal, side band energy
from the ACI can dominate the channel's noise floor. This is shown in Figure 2.
The Effects of Adjacent Channel Rejection and Adjacent Channel
Interference on 802.11 WLAN Performance
4
SPLY005
PassbandPassband
Adjacent Channel
Signal
PassbandPassband
Receive
Channel
Side Band
Emissions
Average
Interference
Level
Signal to
Interference
(SIR)
Frequency
Signal Power
Figure 2 -- Dominating Side Band Interference
WLAN RF receivers can be designed with effective ACR for narrow band signals which are
approximately 0.10 the bandwidth of 802.11 signals. These narrow band signals include
cordless phones and Bluetooth signals. However, wide band ACI generates significant side
band energy which falls into the pass band of an 802.11 receiver. Under these conditions, the
amount of link margin, or the size of the SIR, will have a decisive effect on the data throughput
of the WLAN.
There is a growing trend in the wireless industry to provide 5.x GHz radio architectures that
span all of the possible frequencies in the unlicensed band around the world. The following
diagram (Figure 3) shows how these so-called "world band" radios operate from 5.150 GHz to
5.875 GHz. This range can be expanded to 4.9 GHz to 5.875 GHz if the Japanese allocation,
which will be available in 2007, is included. Given certain sources of high-power interference in
this band, such as radar and navigation systems, a world band radio will need some level of
filtering for channel selectivity to avoid any performance degradation caused by these sources
of high-energy interference.
剩余16页未读,继续阅读
资源评论
东方V550
- 粉丝: 53
- 资源: 15
上传资源 快速赚钱
- 我的内容管理 展开
- 我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
- 我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
- 我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
- 我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
- 我的收藏
- 我的下载
- 下载帮助
最新资源
- 筷手引流工具.apk
- 论文(最终)_20240430235101.pdf
- 基于python编写的Keras深度学习框架开发,利用卷积神经网络CNN,快速识别图片并进行分类
- 最全空间计量实证方法(空间杜宾模型和检验以及结果解释文档).txt
- 5uonly.apk
- 蓝桥杯Python组的历年真题
- 2023-04-06-项目笔记 - 第一百十九阶段 - 4.4.2.117全局变量的作用域-117 -2024.04.30
- 2023-04-06-项目笔记 - 第一百十九阶段 - 4.4.2.117全局变量的作用域-117 -2024.04.30
- 前端开发技术实验报告:内含4四实验&实验报告
- Highlight Plus v20.0.1
资源上传下载、课程学习等过程中有任何疑问或建议,欢迎提出宝贵意见哦~我们会及时处理!
点击此处反馈
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功