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Document Number: MD00086

Revision 1.00

August 29, 2002

MIPS Technologies, Inc.

1225 Charleston Road

Mountain View, CA 94043-1353

MIPS32™ Architecture For Programmers

Volume II: The MIPS32™ Instruction Set

Unpublished rights (if any) are reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States of America.

If this document is provided in source format (i.e., in a modiﬁable form such as in FrameMaker or Microsoft Word format),

then its use and distribution is subject to a written agreement with MIPS Technologies, Inc. ("MIPS Technologies"). UNDER

NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY A DOCUMENT PROVIDED IN SOURCE FORMAT BE DISTRIBUTED TO A THIRD

PARTY WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT OF MIPS TECHNOLOGIES.

This document contains information that is proprietary to MIPS Technologies. Any copying, reproducing, modifying, or use of

this information (in whole or in part) which is not expressly permitted in writing by MIPS Technologies or a

contractually-authorized third party is strictly prohibited. At a minimum, this information is protected under unfair competition

and copyright laws. Violations thereof may result in criminal penalties and ﬁnes.

MIPS Technologies or any contractually-authorized third party reserves the right to change the information contained in this

document to improve function, design or otherwise. MIPS Technologies does not assume any liability arising out of the

application or use of this information, or of any error of omission in such information. Any warranties, whether express,

statutory, implied or otherwise, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or ﬁtness for a particular

purpose, are excluded. Any license under patent rights or any other intellectual property rights owned by MIPS Technologies

or third parties shall be conveyed by MIPS Technologies or any contractually-authorized third party in a separate license

agreement between the parties.

The information contained in this document shall not be exported or transferred for the purpose of reexporting in violation of

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The information contained in this document constitutes one or more of the following: commercial computer software,

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for civilian agencies and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement 227.7202 for military agencies. The use of this

information by the Government is further restricted in accordance with the terms of the license agreement(s) and/or applicable

contract terms and conditions covering this information from MIPS Technologies or any contractually-authorized third party.

MIPS

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, R4000

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and R10000

are among the registered trademarks of MIPS Technologies, Inc. in the

United States and certain other countries, and MIPS16™, MIPS16e™, MIPS32™, MIPS64™, MIPS-3D™, MIPS-based™,

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CoreFPGA™, CoreLV™, EC™, JALGO™, MALTA™, MGB™, PDtrace™, SEAD™, SEAD-2™,SOC-it™, The Pipeline™,

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All other trademarks referred to herein are the property of their respective owners.

Template: B1.06, Build with Conditional Tags: 2B ARCH MIPS32

MIPS32™ Architecture For Programmers Volume II, Revision 1.00

MIPS32™ Architecture For Programmers Volume II, Revision 1.00 i

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 About This Book ........................................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Typographical Conventions ........................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Italic Text............................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.2 Bold Text ............................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.3 Courier Text......................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 UNPREDICTABLE and UNDEFINED ........................................................................................................................ 2

1.2.1 UNPREDICTABLE............................................................................................................................................. 2

1.2.2 UNDEFINED....................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Special Symbols in Pseudocode Notation...................................................................................................................... 2

1.4 For More Information .................................................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 2 Guide to the Instruction Set........................................................................................................................................ 7

2.1 Understanding the Instruction Fields ............................................................................................................................. 7

2.1.1 Instruction Fields ................................................................................................................................................. 8

2.1.2 Instruction Descriptive Name and Mnemonic..................................................................................................... 9

2.1.3 Format Field......................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.1.4 Purpose Field ..................................................................................................................................................... 10

2.1.5 Description Field................................................................................................................................................ 10

2.1.6 Restrictions Field ............................................................................................................................................... 10

2.1.7 Operation Field .................................................................................................................................................. 11

2.1.8 Exceptions Field................................................................................................................................................. 11

2.1.9 Programming Notes and Implementation Notes Fields..................................................................................... 11

2.2 Operation Section Notation and Functions .................................................................................................................. 12

2.2.1 Instruction Execution Ordering.......................................................................................................................... 12

2.2.2 Pseudocode Functions........................................................................................................................................ 12

2.3 Op and Function Subfield Notation ............................................................................................................................. 20

2.4 FPU Instructions .......................................................................................................................................................... 20

Chapter 3 The MIPS32™ Instruction Set ................................................................................................................................. 21

3.1 Compliance and Subsetting.......................................................................................................................................... 21

3.2 Alphabetical List of Instructions.................................................................................................................................. 22

ABS.fmt ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30

ADD..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

ADD.fmt .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32

ADDI.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

ADDIU................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34

ADDU.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35

AND..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36

ANDI.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

B........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

BAL...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39

BC1F.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40

BC1FL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42

BC1T.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44

BC1TL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46

BC2F.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

BC2FL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 49

BC2T.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51

BC2TL ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 52

BEQ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54

BEQL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55

BGEZ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57

BGEZAL.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58

BGEZALL ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

BGEZL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 61

ii MIPS32™ Architecture For Programmers Volume II, Revision 1.00

BGTZ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63

BGTZL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 64

BLEZ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66

BLEZL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 67

BLTZ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69

BLTZAL .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 70

BLTZALL............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 71

BLTZL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73

BNE...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 75

BNEL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76

BREAK................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 78

C.cond.fmt............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 79

CACHE................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 84

CEIL.W.fmt ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 91

CFC1.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 92

CFC2.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94

CLO...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 95

CLZ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 96

COP2.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97

CTC1.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98

CTC2.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 100

CVT.D.fmt......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 101

CVT.S.fmt.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 102

CVT.W.fmt ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 103

DERET............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 104

DIV .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 106

DIV.fmt.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 108

DIVU.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 109

ERET.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 110

FLOOR.W.fmt................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 111

J.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 112

JAL..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 113

JALR.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 114

JR ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 116

LB ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118

LBU.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 119

LDC1.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 120

LDC2.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 121

LH ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 122

LHU ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 123

LL....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 124

LUI..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 126

LW ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 127

LWC1................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 128

LWC2................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 129

LWL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 130

LWR................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 133

MADD ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 137

MADDU ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 138

MFC0................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 139

MFC1................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 140

MFC2................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 141

MFHI.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 142

MFLO ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 143

MOV.fmt............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 144

MOVF................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 145

MOVF.fmt ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 146

MOVN ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148

MOVN.fmt......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 149

MOVT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 151

MOVT.fmt ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 152

MOVZ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 154

MOVZ.fmt ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 155

MSUB ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 157

MSUBU ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 158

MTC0................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 159

MIPS32™ Architecture For Programmers Volume II, Revision 1.00 iii

MTC1................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 160

MTC2................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 161

MTHI ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 162

MTLO ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 163

MUL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 164

MUL.fmt............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 165

MULT ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 166

MULTU ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 167

NEG.fmt............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 168

NOP.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 169

NOR................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 170

OR...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 171

ORI..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 172

PREF.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 173

ROUND.W.fmt.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 177

SB....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 179

SC....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 180

SDBBP............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 183

SDC1.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 184

SDC2.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 185

SH ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 186

SLL .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 187

SLLV.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 188

SLT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 189

SLTI................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 190

SLTIU ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 191

SLTU.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 192

SQRT.fmt........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 193

SRA.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 194

SRAV................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 195

SRL .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 196

SRLV ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 197

SSNOP............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 198

SUB.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 199

SUB.fmt ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 200

SUBU................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 201

SW...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 202

SWC1................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 203

SWC2................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 204

SWL................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 205

SWR................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 207

SYNC................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 209

SYSCALL.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 213

TEQ.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 214

TEQI .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 215

TGE.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 216

TGEI .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 217

TGEIU................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 218

TGEU................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 219

TLBP.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 220

TLBR ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 221

TLBWI............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 223

TLBWR.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 225

TLT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 227

TLTI................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 228

TLTIU................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 229

TLTU ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 230

TNE.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 231

TNEI .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 232

TRUNC.W.fmt................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 233

WAIT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 235

XOR................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 237

XORI.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 238

Appendix A Instruction Bit Encodings................................................................................................................................... 239

A.1 Instruction Encodings and Instruction Classes ......................................................................................................... 239