TASK 6
Different types of radioactive elements will make different health effects, according to
characteristics of each type.
TASK 7
It may be argued that the population should have a sufficient understanding of radiation
phenomena to secure individual safety as well as democratic decisions. To attain this, it is
necessary for the communicators of radiation information to be familiar with the laypeople’s
perceptions of these phenomena. A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine non-experts’
conceptions of radiation phenomena. The survey revealed an incomplete understanding of
concepts such as radioactive decay, half-life and absorption of radiation and a lack of
differentiation of between radiation and radioactive materials. Many respondents did not
distinguish between sources of ionising radiation and other environmental hazards. Nuclear power
plants and submarines were the most feared sources of radiation. There are indications that the lay
understanding of radiation phenomena and risk is to a large extent formed by mass media and that
“school knowledge” of these phenomena is not applied in situations belonging to the “real world”.
To resolve this problem, new teaching and information procedures are needed. These should take
into account the learners’ perceptions and should integrate “school knowledge” with
considerations belonging to the “real world”.
Enhancing language ability
TASK 2
1 betrays, conception
2 renders
3 exemplified, perception
4 prevalent, secure
5 prior to
6 proportion, gloomy
7 alternatives
8 characterized, constitutes, hazard
9 From the standpoint of, ranks
10 external, a prerequisite
TASK 3
1 include: contain, embrace, encompass, comprise, be composed of, consist of
2 valid: powerful, convincing, sensible, rational, viable, credible, plausible, weighty, well-founded,
cogent, well-grounded
3 basic: underlying, fundamental, essential, root, prime, primary
4 danger:hazard, risk, threat, menace, peril, jeopardize
5 describe: depict, portray, characterize, narrate, outline, represent
6 different: discrepant, contrary, conflicting, contradictory, inconsistent, incompatible,
incongruous, various, diverse
7 cause:prompt, move, inspire, stimulate, urge, spur, motivate, induce, evoke, instigate, impel
8 clarify: account for, justify, explain, illuminate, clear up, rationalize, elucidate ,explicate
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