%---------------------------------------------------------
% MATLAB neural network backprop code
% by Phil Brierley
% www.philbrierley.com
% 29 March 2006
%
% This code implements the basic backpropagation of
% error learning algorithm. The network has tanh hidden
% neurons and a linear output neuron.
%
% adjust the learning rate with the slider
%
% feel free to improve!
%
%--------------------------------------------------------
%user specified values
hidden_neurons = 3;
epochs = 10000;
% ------- load in the data -------
% XOR data
train_inp = [1 1; 1 0; 0 1; 0 0];
train_out = [1; 0; 0; 1];
% check same number of patterns in each
if size(train_inp,1) ~= size(train_out,1)
disp('ERROR: data mismatch')
return
end
%standardise the data to mean=0 and standard deviation=1
%inputs
mu_inp = mean(train_inp);
sigma_inp = std(train_inp);
train_inp = (train_inp(:,:) - mu_inp(:,1)) / sigma_inp(:,1);
%outputs
train_out = train_out';
mu_out = mean(train_out);
sigma_out = std(train_out);
train_out = (train_out(:,:) - mu_out(:,1)) / sigma_out(:,1);
train_out = train_out';
%read how many patterns
patterns = size(train_inp,1);
%add a bias as an input
bias = ones(patterns,1);
train_inp = [train_inp bias];
%read how many inputs
inputs = size(train_inp,2);
%---------- data loaded ------------
%--------- add some control buttons ---------
%add button for early stopping
hstop = uicontrol('Style','PushButton','String','Stop', 'Position', [5 5 70 20],'callback','earlystop = 1;');
earlystop = 0;
%add button for resetting weights
hreset = uicontrol('Style','PushButton','String','Reset Wts', 'Position', get(hstop,'position')+[75 0 0 0],'callback','reset = 1;');
reset = 0;
%add slider to adjust the learning rate
hlr = uicontrol('Style','slider','value',.1,'Min',.01,'Max',1,'SliderStep',[0.01 0.1],'Position', get(hreset,'position')+[75 0 100 0]);
% ---------- set weights -----------------
%set initial random weights
weight_input_hidden = (randn(inputs,hidden_neurons) - 0.5)/10;
weight_hidden_output = (randn(1,hidden_neurons) - 0.5)/10;
%-----------------------------------
%--- Learning Starts Here! ---------
%-----------------------------------
%do a number of epochs
for iter = 1:epochs
%get the learning rate from the slider
alr = get(hlr,'value');
blr = alr / 10;
%loop through the patterns, selecting randomly
for j = 1:patterns
%select a random pattern
patnum = round((rand * patterns) + 0.5);
if patnum > patterns
patnum = patterns;
elseif patnum < 1
patnum = 1;
end
%set the current pattern
this_pat = train_inp(patnum,:);
act = train_out(patnum,1);
%calculate the current error for this pattern
hval = (tanh(this_pat*weight_input_hidden))';
pred = hval'*weight_hidden_output';
error = pred - act;
% adjust weight hidden - output
delta_HO = error.*blr .*hval;
weight_hidden_output = weight_hidden_output - delta_HO';
% adjust the weights input - hidden
delta_IH= alr.*error.*weight_hidden_output'.*(1-(hval.^2))*this_pat;
weight_input_hidden = weight_input_hidden - delta_IH';
end
% -- another epoch finished
%plot overall network error at end of each epoch
pred = weight_hidden_output*tanh(train_inp*weight_input_hidden)';
error = pred' - train_out;
err(iter) = (sum(error.^2))^0.5;
figure(1);
plot(err)
%reset weights if requested
if reset
weight_input_hidden = (randn(inputs,hidden_neurons) - 0.5)/10;
weight_hidden_output = (randn(1,hidden_neurons) - 0.5)/10;
fprintf('weights reaset after %d epochs\n',iter);
reset = 0;
end
%stop if requested
if earlystop
fprintf('stopped at epoch: %d\n',iter);
break
end
%stop if error is small
if err(iter) < 0.001
fprintf('converged at epoch: %d\n',iter);
break
end
end
%-----FINISHED---------
%display actual,predicted & error
fprintf('state after %d epochs\n',iter);
a = (train_out* sigma_out(:,1)) + mu_out(:,1);
b = (pred'* sigma_out(:,1)) + mu_out(:,1);
act_pred_err = [a b b-a]
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