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Rapid Object Detection Using a Boosted
Cascade of Simple Features
Viola, P.; Jones, M.
TR2004-043 May 2004
Abstract
This paper describes a machine learning approach for visual object detection which is capable
of processing images extremely rapidly and achieving high detection rates. This work is distin-
guished by three key contributions. The first is the introduction of a new image representation
called the Integral Image which allows the features used by our detector to be computed very
quickly. The second is a learning algorithm, based on AdaBoost, which selects a small num-
ber of critical visual features from a larger set and yields extremely efficient classifiers[6]. The
third contribution is a method for combining increasingly more complex classifiers in a cascade
which allows background regions of the image to be quickly discarded while spending more
computation on promising object-like regions. The cascade can be viewed as an object specific
focus-of-attention mechanism which unlike previous approaches provides statistical guarantees
that discarded regions are unlikely to contain the object of interest. In the domain of face detec-
tion the system yields detection rates comparable to the best previous systems. Used in real-time
applications, the detector runs at 15 frames per second without resorting to image differencing
or skin color detection.
IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
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