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Panorama scripting in a nutshell
This  is  a  short  document  describing  the  various  Open  Source  tools  and  techniques  available  for
working with panoramas in a non-GUI environment. The examples are based on Linux experience,
but most of them should work on OS X or Windows with minor modifications at most.
This  document  is  also  useful  for  understanding  what  happens  'under  the  hood'  in  hugin  itself  and
recommended reading for anyone looking to work with the hugin sourcecode.
Why would you do that?
PanoTools 'Scripting'
Simple command-line stitching
Creating hugin projects on the command-line
Generating the project file
Generating control points
Pruning control points
Optimising positions and geometry
Optimising photometric parameters
Setting output options
Example work flow similar to assistant in Hugin GUI
Stitching hugin projects on the command-line
Remapping (Rendering) images
Blending
Holding it all together with panostart
Panotools::Script for manipulating project files
Full list of command-line tools
Control point generation
Project file modification
Control point pruning
Optimisation
Rendering
Blending
Misc
Chromatic aberration
Querying
TIFF files
Output formats
Older tools
Contents

Useful Image processing tools

Why would you do that?

Creating and manipulating panoramas is something that should obviously be done in a graphical tool.

This is true, but perhaps you find that you are spending more time operating a computer than being a

photographer. This is an indication that something is wrong - The computer exists to do the boring

work and scripting is one way to make this happen.

PanoTools 'Scripting'

The file format first used in Helmut Dersch's Panorama tools is often referred to as a 'script', but a

'PanoTools' script is really a data file describing a 'panorama stitching project'.

Although these original PanoTools are less used today, the file format is alive and well with several

variations used as project files by PTGui, PTAssembler, hugin and related tools. These files are simple

plain-text, sometimes it is useful to modify them directly with a text editor - Further on we will

introduce various methods for manipulating them via the 'programming' kind of scripts.

Simple command-line stitching

Lets start with a basic but common use case: Photographers with quality panoramic tripod heads can

reproduce identical sets of photos every time, in this situation there is no need to create a new

stitching project for every panorama, it is enough to use a single project as a template.

This example takes a pre-existing project called template.pto, created with three photos. It uses nona

for remapping, and enblend for blending the remapped photos into a finished TIFF image:

nona -o out -m TIFF_m template.pto DSC_1234.JPG DSC_1235.JPG DSC_1236.JPG

enblend -o finished.tif out0000.tif out0001.tif out0002.tif

The first nona command creates three remapped TIFF images called out0000.tif, out0001.tif etc...

the list of input images can be substituted with any set of identically sized photos. The second enblend

command uses these TIFF files as input and merges them to a file called finished.tif. template.pto

If the internal blender is used, the commands simplify to

nona -o out -m TIFF template.pto DSC_1234.JPG DSC_1235.JPG DSC_1236.JPG

Creating hugin projects on the command-

line

The entire panorama creation process can be performed on the command-line, and therefore

scripted, doing this involves a series of steps similar to the workflow in a GUI tool.

Generating the project file

Most of hugin tools take a pto file as input and output. So the first step is to create this pto file. For

this purpose use pto_gen.

pto_gen *.jpg

will put all jpg files in the current directory into one project file with a default name. You can also

specify single images and your own project name

pto_gen -o project.pto image1.jpg image2.jpg image3.jpg

You can specify more options to the project (see pto_gen for details).

There are a number of tools available for generating control points from groups of photos, like cpfind.

Here is an example using cpfind

cpfind --multirow -o project.pto project.pto

Hint: Other control points generator, such as autopano-sift, autopano-sift-c, panomatic and match-n-

shift take a list of images instead of a project. In this case the pto generation and control point

generation are one step. Here is an example for autopano-sift-c:

autopano-sift-c --projection 0,50 project.pto DSC_1234.JPG DSC_1235.JPG DSC_1236.JPG

This will create a .pto project with control points (if any) linking the three photos, note that the

projection format (f0, rectilinear) of the input photos and approximate horizontal angle of view (v50,

50 degrees) have to be specified.

This still isn't a finished panorama, at the very least this involves optimising the camera positions and

then rendering the output.

You could go ahead and optimise this project file straight away, but this can be a bit hit and miss.

First it is a good idea to clean up the control points. There are currently two useful tools for cleaning

control points: celeste removes points from areas of sky and cpclean removes points with large error

distances, first celeste_standalone:

celeste_standalone -i project.pto -o project.pto

Then cpclean:

cpclean -o project.pto project.pto

Note that in both cases we are overwriting the input project.pto file with the cleaned output. If you

want you can create intermediate temporary files and keep each step in case you need to backtrack.

Other control point cleaners are ptscluster and ptoclean. cpclean has largely replaced ptoclean, but

you could still run it like this:

Generating control points

Pruning control points

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