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Tracking Clean Energy Innovation Introduction
Focus on China
P
AGE | 6
Introduction
Innovation for clean energy transitions
Achieving global energy and climate policy goals will require more, better and
cheaper low-carbon energy technologies. Most energy technologies are
not on
track to provide the clean energy transitions targeted by governments, according
to IEA annual monitoring. Many technologies required to lower emissions to so-
called “
net zero” levels are not ready for markets, notably in sectors hard to
decarbonise such as heavy industry and long-distance transportation, for which
large-scale low-carbon solutions are not widely available.
Governments are central to the success of clean energy innovation, and global
policy support needs strengthening. In the People’s Republic of China (hereafter,
“China”), support for innovation has significantly increased in the last two decades,
as the country became the world’s manufacturing powerhouse for several key
energy technology areas, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines and
batteries for electric vehicles (EVs). Looking forward, China’s focus on technology
innovation and development is expected to strengthen, notably to deliver on long-
term carbon neutrality objectives and position the country in global value chains
for clean energy technologies. This has important implications for global policy
discussions, as China’s ability to innovate effectively will have implications for
global energy transitions.
Mapping China’s innovation landscape
This report serves as an extension to the chapter on “Innovation for carbon
neutrality” in the IEA Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China
and
provides complementary analysis and information. It seeks to map the landscape
of clean energy innovation in China, in a similar way to the technology innovation
sections of energy country reviews for IEA member countries. It aims to identify
key developments in recent years, notably since the IEA last published on the
topic in 2015, and to show trends for selected metrics that may be used to track
progress of innovation. This report is part of broader IEA work to support China’s
vision of a carbon-neutral future, and aspires to summarise insights from China’s
energy innovation story in recent years and key announcements to date for the
coming period to illustrate the foundation upon which the 14th Five-Year Plan
(FYP) (2021-2025) might build.
This report takes a systemic approach to innovation, based on a four-pillar
framework used to describe successful innovation systems: 1) resource push;
2) knowledge management; 3) market pull; and 4) socio-political support. This
approach acknowledges that the innovation journey is complex and uncertain,
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