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GROK Doc An Image Display Tool
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MASSACHUSETTS
INSTITUTE
OF
TECHNOLOGY
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
LABORATORY
Working
Paper
No.
287
April
14,
1986
GROK
Doc
An
Image
Display
Tool
Jim Little
Abstract.
The
image
display
tool
GROK
provides
a
facility
for
displaying
images on
the
black-
and-white
screen
of
a Symbolics
3600
monitor.
It
allows
display
of
images
and
their
manipulation
through
a
special window
it manages.
Images
become
objects
in
that
window,
and
are
handled
by a
variety
of
routines
accessible by
mouse
selection
from
window
menus.
GROK
is
an
outgrowth
of two
programs-
Keith
Nishihara's
GREY*,
which
provided
the
concept
of
an
image
manipulation
and
display
program
for
black-and-white
screens,
and
Margaret
Fleck's
GREYCROK,
which
formed
the
nucleus
from
which
GROK
mutated.
Many
of
the
functions
in
GROK
are
lifted
directly
from
GREYCROK.
A.I.
Laboratory
Working
Papers
are
produced
for
internal
circulation
and
may contain
information
that
is,
for
example,
too
preliminary
or
too
detailed
for
formal
publication.
It
is
not
intended
that
they
should
be
considered
papers
to
which
reference
can
be
made
in
the
literature.
Besides,
who'd
reference
a
manual
for
a
program?
1
Introduction
The
only
purpose
of
this
paper
is
to
provide
enough
documentation
for
GROK
so
that
you
can
get
it
going
on a
Lisp
Machine
and
use
it.
GROK
resides
in
file
pig:[vision.utils]
GROK.
GROK
lives
in
package
VISION,
which
has
the
nicknames
VIS
and
V.
The
word
grok
originates
in
Robert
Heinlein's
"Stranger
in
a
Strange
Land"
[1961]:
"You
grok,"
Smith
repeated
firmly.
"I
am
explain.
I
did
not
have
the
word.
You
grok.
Anne
groks.
I
grok.
The
grasses
under
my
feet
grok
in
happy
beauty."
grok
is
a
flexible
word,
and
GROK
is
intended
to
be
a
flexible
image
display
tool.
grok
has
connotations
of
understanding,
empathy,
and
insight,
just
as
GROK
is
designed
to
lead
us
to
undertanding
and
insight.
The
word
grok
is
best
understood
in
context,
through
use,
as
is
GROK.
1.1
GROK
Mutating
GROK
is
always
under
development,
under
the
pressure
of
skilled
users
who
want
only
the best
for
their
work.
Therefore,
this
manual
will
almost
certainly
be imme-
diately
out
of
date.
Every
effort
will
be
made
to
keep
GROK
downward
compatible.
A
log
of
changes
to
GROK
with
some
description
of
their
function
will
be
kept
in
file
pig:[
vision.
utils]
GROKINFO.tzt.
1.2 A
Note
about
Notation
This
paper
uses
a
format
like
that
of
the
Lisp
Machine
Manual
(e.g.
Symbolics
[1985]):
the
documentation
for
each
function, macro,
variable,
or
method
starts
with
a
header
line
containing
its
name,
arguments,
and
type.
For
clarity,
the
de-
fault
values
of
optional arguments
are
often
omitted
from
the
header
line
and
are
described
in
the
documentation
instead.
You
should
not
assume
that
the
absence
of
a
default
value
of
an
optional
variable
in
the
header
line
means
that
the
default
value
is
nil.
GROK
is
the
general
name
of
the
utility.
grok
is
the
name
of
the
Lisp
function
which
constructs
the
objects
depicting
images on
the
Lisp
Machine
screen.
GROK
2
A
Sample
of
GROK
Use
Here's
a
small
session
of
using
GROK,
from loading
it,
to
using
it.
The
documen-
tation
for
the
functions
will
follow
later,
so
just
read
along
and
save
the
questions
for
later.
(load
"pig:
<vision.
utils>grok")
This
loads
GROK.
(v:make-image-display-frame
0.7
t t)
This
makes
an
image-display-window
as
part
of
a
frame,
occupying
the
bottom
70%
of
the
frame.
Now,
read
in
or
generate
an image.
Here
we
use
the
image
of
a
pear.
pear
is
bound
to
an
array
containing
the
image.
(v:show
pear)
Figure
1
shows
a
standard
window
system
choose-variable-values
menu
popped
up
in
the
Image
Display
Window
Pane
for
setting
the
display
parameters.
Figure
2
depicts
an
image-object
displaying
the
pear.
(v:show
peare)
This
displays
the
edge
image
of
the
pear
in
an
image-object.
GROK
recognizes
that
peare
is
an
art-lb
array,
and
sets
the
binary
switch
to
t,
as
shown
in
Figure
2.
The
"Do
It"
selection
is
about
to
be
activated.
In
Figure
3,
the pear
edge
image,
labeled
PEARE,
is
shown.
The
image
is
shown
with
l's
as
black,
since
*g-reverse-binary-switch*
defaults
to
t.
Next
to
that
image-object
is
the "Image
display
operations"
menu
(which
can
be
activated
with
the
right
mouse
button),
from
which
"Extract"
is
being
selected.
In
Figure
4,
a
box
indicating
the
image
portion
to
be
extracted
appears
on
the
image-object
PEAR;
its
position
is
controlled
by
positioning
its
upper
left
corner
with
the
mouse,
clicking,
and
then
rubber-boxing
its
lower-right
hand
corner with
the
mouse.
The
box can
then
be
moved
around within
the
image.
When
a
click
is
read,
a
menu pops
up
for
entering
a
name
for
the
image-object
(see
Figure
5)
with
a
default name,
and
a
name
can be
entered.
It
is
finished by
selecting
"Do
it".
Note
that
GROK
automagically
finds a
new
position
for
the
image-object,
and
draws
a
A
Sample
of
GROK
Use
Figure
1:
Image
Display
Parameters
Menu
Figure
2:
Pear
Display,
with
Menu
Enter
display
parameters
low-threshold:
none
high-thr
eshold: none
name:
PERR
expansion
factor:
1
equalize
histogram:
YesNo
reverse
video:
Ves
No
binary:
Yes
No
Image
it
Rort
Inmge
Display
Window
Pane
1
Enter disolay parameters
low-threshold:
none
high-threshold:
none
name:
PEARE
expansion
factor:
1
equalize
histogr-am:
Yes
No
reverse
video:
Yes
No
binarv:
Yes
No
Do
it
iAbort
O
mage
Display Window
Pane
1
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