CERAMICS
INTERNATIONAL
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Ceramics International 41 (2015) 15116– 15121
Effect of particle size on the dielectric properties of 0.5Ba(Zr
0.2
Ti
0.8
)O
3
–0.5
(Ba
0.7
Ca
0.8
)TiO
3
/polyvinylidene fluoride hybrid films
Q.G. Chi
a,b,c,
n
, J.F. Dong
a
, G.Y. Liu
b
, Y. Chen
b
, X. Wang
b
, Q.Q. Lei
b
a
School of Applied Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
b
Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
c
State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
Received 22 March 2015; received in revised form 10 August 2015; accepted 17 August 2015
Available online 24 August 2015
Abstract
0.5Ba(Zr
0.2
Ti
0.8
)O
3
–0.5(Ba
0.7
Ca
0.8
)TiO
3
(BZT–BCT) micro-ceramics were prepared by the solid phase method and sintered at 1400 1C for
different times. BZT–BCT/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hybrid films with 40 vol% filler were also prepared via in melt blending
polymerization. For all BZT–BCT micro-ceramics, the dielectric permittivity increased with increasing sintering time. While for BZT–BCT/
PVDF hybrid films, the dielectric permittivity decreased with increasing particle size. The dielectric permittivity of the hybrid film sintered for
0.5 h was 37.2 at 10 Hz, which was larger than that of hybrid films with fillers sintered for 1, 2, and 4 h. These results indicated that the
permittivity of hybrid films was affected by the different particle sizes of BZT–BCT ceramics and that the interfacial polarization effect is an
important feature of BZT–BCT/PVDF composite films.
& 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A. Powders: chemical preparation; B. Interfaces; C. Dielectric properties
1. Introduction
Ceramic powders are widely used as fillers in polymer-based
composite materials employed in capacitors and high energy
storage devices owing to their high dielectric constant. To date,
remarkable progress has been achieved in evaluating ceramic/
polymer composite properties and their application [1–5].
More specifically, BaZr
x
Ti
1 x
O
3
based solid solutions display
good piezoelectric effects, high dielectric constants, low
dielectric losses, and high insulation strength, making them
promising candidate materials for dielectric ceramic capacitors
in energy storage applications [6–8].
Previous studies have shown that particle sizes greatly
influence the dielectric properties of ceramics [9 – 11]. For
instance, Cai et al. and Zhao et al. found that the dielectric
constants of BaTiO
3
, PbTiO
3
, and BaZr
x
Ti
1 x
O
3
ceramics
initially increased to a maximum value with increasing ceramic
grain size and then decreased with further increases in grain
size. In contrast, the dielectric loss consistently decreased
[12,13]. Mao et al. [14] prepared high density Ba
1 x
Sr
x
TiO
3
(BST) ceramics with different grain sizes and showed that the
grain size infl uenced the dielectric properties of BST ceramics.
When the grain size increased by one order of magnitude, the
dielectric constant increased by 65%. Wang et al., Su et al.,
and Wu et al. studied the effects of sintering temperature and
sintering time on the electrical properties of BZT–BCT
ceramic materials [9,15,16]. Wang et al. [9] reported that both
calcination and sintering temperature have significant effects
on density and grain size, which are closely related to
piezoelectric and other properties of ceramics. The above
mainly discussed the effect of ceramic particle size on
electrical properties and study of the ceramic particle size
effect on the dielectric properties of ceramic/polymer compo -
site materials was minimal. Our group [17] conducted an in-
depth study on the effects of CaCu
3
Ti
3.95
Zr
0.05
O
12
(CCTZO)
www.elsevier.com/locate/ceramint
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.08.083
0272-8842/& 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
n
Corresponding author at: School of Applied Science, Harbin 150080, PR
China. Tel./fax: þ 86 451 86391681.
E-mail address: qgchi@hotmail.com (Q.G. Chi).
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