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2020年2月19日起欧盟委员会白皮书和数据战略文件的“基本批评”-研究论文
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2021-05-19
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2020年2月19日,欧盟委员会发布了期待已久且预先宣布的人工智能白皮书。 此外,委员会还发布了塑造欧洲数字未来的文件,有关欧洲数据战略的文件以及有关人工智能,物联网和机器人技术对安全和责任的影响的报告。介绍新的欧盟数字战略,塑造欧洲数字未来的目标包括“从网络安全到关键基础设施,从数字教育到技能,从民主到媒体的一切”。这一诺言是否已兑现,以及在多大程度上可能实现为此,下一篇文章将讨论选定内容的个别建议,并讨论与使用AI相关的新出现的责任问题。
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1
"Fundamental Criticism" of the White Paper and Data Strategy Paper of the EU Commission from
19 February 2020
Status: March 17, 2020
Yannik Borutta, Ass. jur. Matthias Haag, Ass. jur. Hanna Hoffmann, Johannes Kevekordes
1
On 19th February 2020, the European Commission published the long-awaited and pre-announced
White Paper on artificial intelligence
2
. In addition, the Commission published a document shaping
Europe's digital future
3
, a document
on the European data strategy
4
and a report on the impact of
artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics on security and liability
5
.
Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said in her presentation of the new EU digital strategy that
the objectives for shaping Europe's digital future cover “everything from cyber-security to critical
infrastructures, digital education to skills, democracy to media"
6
. Whether this promise has been
fulfilled and to what extent it has been possible to focus on content will be examined below. For this
purpose, the following article will discuss individual proposals from selected documents and address
newly emerging liability issues arising in connection with the use of AI.
A.
White Paper on Artificial Intelligence
I.
Definition of Artificial Intelligence
The first step of a future EU regulatory framework is to define its scope. The White Paper will cover
products and services using artificial intelligence (AI). For this purpose, it is necessary to define a
precise term of AI. The EU Commission seems to be convinced of the definition developed by the
High Level Expert Group on AI, which followed a proposal by the Commission
7
. The Expert Group
defines AI as follows: “Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are software (and possibly also hardware)
1
The authors are research assistants at the Institute for Information, Telecommunication and Media Law (ITM)-
civil law department - headed by Prof. Dr. Thomas Hoeren at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster in the
BMBF-funded project GOAL (Fkz.: 01|S19020 A). Further information can be found at: https://goal- projekt.de.
2
EU Commission, White Paper, COM (2020) 65 of 19.2.2020, available at
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf, last
accessed on 5/8/2020.
3
EU Commission, Shaping Europe's Digital Future, COM (2020) 67 of 19.2.2020, available at
h
ttps://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication-shaping-europes-digital-future-feb2020_en_0.pdf,
last
accessed on 16.03.2020.
4
EU Commission, A European Data Strategy, COM (2020) 66 of 19.2.2020, available at
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication-european-strategy-data-19feb2020_en.pdf, last
accessed on 16.03.2020.
5
EU Commission, Report on the impact of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics on security
and liability, COM (2020) 64 of 19.2.2020, available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/report-safety-
liability-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf, last accessed on 16.03.2020.
6
Press release "Shaping Europe's digital future",
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_273, last accessed on 16.03.2020.
7
White Paper, op. cit. footnote 2, p. 19, in particular footnote 47.
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3675486
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