550MHzcarbonnanotubemode-lockedfemtosecondCr:YAGlaser资源-CSDN文库

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550 MHz carbon nanotube mode-locked femtosecond

Cr:YAG laser

Jun Wan Kim (金俊完)

, Sun Young Choi (崔善英)

, Won Tae Kim (金源泰)

Bong Joo Kang (姜奉周)

, Won Bae Cho (趙元培)

, Guang-Hoon Kim (金光勳)

and Fabian Rotermund (李相旻)

Advanced Medical Device Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Ansan 15588, Korea

Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea

BioMed Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Korea

*Corresponding author: rotermund@kaist.ac.kr

Received February 9, 2018; accepted April 19, 2018; posted online May 28, 2018

We demonstrate a femtosecond Cr:YAG laser mode-locked by a carbon nanotube saturable absorber mirror

(CNT-SAM) at a repetition rate of 550 MHz. By employing the CNT-SAM, which exhibits a modulation depth

of 0.51% and a saturation fluence of 28 μJ∕cm

at 1.5 μm, we achieved a compact bulk Cr:YAG laser with self-

starting mode-locked operation near 1.5 μm, delivering an average output power of up to 147 mW and a pulse

duration of 110 fs. To our knowledge, this system provides the highest repetition rate among reported CNT-SAM

mode-locked Cr:YAG lasers and the shortest pulse duration among saturable absorber mode-locked Cr:YAG

lasers with repetition rates above 500 MHz.

OCIS codes: 140.4050, 140.5680, 140.7090, 160.4236.

doi: 10.3788/COL201816.061404.

Femtosecond coherent sources with high repetition rates

operating near 1.5 μm have been widely investigated for

applications in optical communications, optical clocks,

analogue-to-digital conversion, electro-optical sampling,

and high signal-to-noise ratio nonlinear spectroscopy

[1–5]

Mode-locked fiber lasers can operate stably near 1.5 μm

in a compact cavity configuration

[6,7]

, but it is quite diffi-

cult to achieve a high average output power above

100 mW, a pulse duration as short as ∼100 fs, and a high

repetition rate above 500 MHz all at the same time be-

cause of the long cavity length and large nonlinearity of

the optical fiber. The Cr:YAG laser crystal, one of the rep-

resentative solid-state laser crystals emitting near the

1.5 μm wavelength, is able to simultaneously provide a

high average output power and a high repetition rate

with short pulse duratio n because of its broad gain band-

width, near 1.5 μm

[8,9]

. To date, most demonstrations have

been based on Kerr-lens mode locking, because the small

gain and low thermal conductivity of the Cr:YAG crystal

make the laser cavity susceptible to intracavity loss

[10–13]

There has only been one report of a high-repetition-rate

saturable absorber mode-locked Cr:YAG laser that

adopted a saturable Bragg reflector; it exhibited a rela-

tively long pulse duration of about 200 fs

[14]

Carbon nanotube saturable absorbers (CNT-SAs) have

been widely employed in a variety of bulk solid-state lasers

operating in the 0.8–2.1 μm spectral range because of their

broadband nonlinear optical characteristics, including low

saturation fluence, controllable modulation depth, and ul-

trafast recovery time

[15,16]

. For high-repetition-rate lasers,

the precision of these SA parameters is more important

because of the relatively low intracavity peak intensity

due to the short cavity length. Near the 1 μm wavelength

range, CNT-SAs with small modulation depths and

negligible nonsaturable losses turned out to be applicable

for high-repetition-rate mode-locked bulk solid-state

lasers

[17,18]

. Near the 1.5 μm wavelength range, a CNT-SA

that is inserted into the second intracavity of a Cr:YAG

laser also provides stable and self-mode-locked operation

at a repetition rate of 85 MHz and a pulse duration below

100 fs

[19,20]

. However, a CNT-SA mode-locked Cr:YAG laser

in a compact scheme with a high repetition rate of above

500 MHz has not been reported until now.

In this work, we demonstrate a CNT-SA mirror (CNT-

SAM) mode-locked femtosecond Cr:YAG laser above

500 MHz for the first time. By employing a CNT-SAM,

the stable and self-starting mode-locked laser delivers a

maximum output power of 147 mW and a 110 fs pulse du-

ration at 550 MHz. To our knowledge, this is the highest

repetition rate among CNT-SAM mode-locked Cr:YAG

lasers and the shortest pulse duration among saturable

absorber mode-locked Cr:YAG lasers with a repetition

rate above 500 MHz.

The fabrication process of the CNT-SAM is similar to the

one described in Ref. [

15]. We used commercially available

single-walled CNTs grown by employing the high-pressure

carbon monoxide (HiPCO) method. The CNT bundles dis-

tributed in the absorber layer show a broadband E

elec-

tronic transition located around 1.5 μm. As the first step,

the CNTs were dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB)

with a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and centrifuged. The

well-dispersed CNT solution was then mixed with poly-

methyl methacrylate (PMMA) at a volume ratio of 1∶1.

Finally, the CNT/PMMA mixture was directly spin-coated

onto a high-reflection plane dielectric mirror. At the end of

the fabrication process the prepared CNT-SAM was dried

COL 16(6), 061404(2018) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS June 10, 2018

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