Decision-freeradius-directedKalmanfilterforuniversalpolarizationdemultiplexingofsquareM-QAMandhybridQAMsignals资源-CSDN文库

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Decision-free radius-directed Kalman filter for universal

polarization demultiplexing of square M-QAM and

hybrid QAM signals

Yanfu Yang (杨彦甫)

, Qun Zhang (张群)

, Yong Yao (姚勇)

*, Guoliang Cao (曹国亮)

Kangping Zhong

, Xian Zhou

, Alan Pak Tao Lau

, and Chao Lu

Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen Gradua te School,

Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,

Hong Kong, China

Photonics Research Center, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering,

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

*Corresponding author: yaoyong@hit.edu.cn

Received May 18, 2016; accepted September 9, 2016; posted online October 14, 2016

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a universal and blind polarization-state tracking scheme for

M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals based on a decision-free radius-directed linear Kalman filter

(RD-LKF). The polarization tracking performance is investigated through simulation and experiments for both

quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 16-QAM signals. The influence of the filter parameters on the static

polarization demultiplexing performance and dynamic tracking capability are discussed via simulation. The

optimization strategy of the filter parameters in modulation-format-independent scenarios is proposed and sim-

ulations are carried out to evaluate the polarization demultiplexing penalty for QPSK, 16QAM, and hybrid

QPSK/16QAM signals. Finally, the proposed decision-free RD-LKF is experimentally compared to the respec-

tive algorithms of constant modulus algorithm and multimodulus algorithm for QPSK and 16-QAM and the

advantage of ultrafast polarization tracking ability is confirmed.

OCIS codes: 060.1660, 120.3930.

doi: 10.3788/COL201614.110601.

Rate adaptive transceivers have recently attracted much

attention due to their potential for improving overall

optical network efficiency under dynamic internet traffic

patterns in emerging data center or various cloud applica-

tions. The spectral efficiency of the transmitter may be

adjusted discretely by configuring quadrature amplitude

modulation (QAM) formats or may be tuned continuously

with time domain hybrid QAM (TDHQ) schemes

[1–3]

Therefore, universal digital signal processing (DSP)

schemes supporting dynamic modulation formats is gain-

ing more and more attention

[4,5]

. In a polarization-division-

multiplexing (PDM) coherent receiver, fast polarization

tracking and demultiplexing is an indispensable DSP mod-

ule to deal with rapid stokes vector movements caused by

external vibrations

[6]

. Compared with training sequence

(TS) methods, blind polarization demultiplexing may

be desired due to a high spectral efficiency and no frame

synchronization. Conventional blind polarization demulti-

plexing algorithms, including the constant modulus algo-

rithm (CMA)

[7]

, the multimodulus algorithm (MMA), and

their variants

[8]

, have been applied to PDM-quadrature

phase-shift keying (QPSK) and PDM-16QAM, respec-

tively. However, these schemes are modulation format

dependent and a universal scheme applicable for dynamic

optical signals is highly desired. Gao et al. proposed a

two-stage universal demultiplexing scheme employing

CMA-based preconvergence and decision-directed least

mean square (DD-LMS) together

[5]

. Recently, due to its

excellent estimation accuracy and tracking ability, the

Kalman filter has attracted much attention for coherent

optical systems. The reported application examples in-

clude clock tone enhancement

[9]

, carrier recovery

[10–12]

, and

polarization tracking

[13–15]

. We proposed a novel radius-

directed linear Kalman filter (RD-LKF) scheme for fast

polarization tracking that is immune to frequency offset

compared to the previous extended Kalman filter (EKF)

scheme

[13]

. Here, we further modify our proposed RD-LKF

scheme into a universal polarization-state tracking frame-

work for dynamic modulation formats.

In this Letter, a universal polarization-state tracking

based on a decision-free RD-LKF filter is proposed and

experimentally investigated for M-QAM formats. The

universal RD-LKF-based scheme has the constant radius

as a reference for the residual estimation regardless of the

modulation order of M-QAM signals. Consequently, the

scheme involves no radius decision operation and can work

in a universal manner. As an application extension of RD-

LKF, this universal scheme has inherently the advantages

of immunity to the carrier phase, frequency offset, and

singularity problem. The rest of the Letter is organized as

follows. First, the principle of the decision-free RD-LKF

scheme is introduced. The polarization demultiplexing

COL 14(11), 110601(2016) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS November 10, 2016

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