Privacy-friendly spatial crowdsourcing in vehicular networks

With the evolution of conventional VANETs(Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks)into the IoV(Internet of Vehicles), vehicle-based spatial crowdsourcing has become a potential solution for crowdsourcing applications. In vehicular networks, a spatial-temporal task/question can be outsourced (i. e. , task/question relating to a particular location and in a specific time period) to some suitable smart vehicles (also known as workers) and then these workers can help solve the task/question. However, an inevitable