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Journal of Communications and Information Networks

Vol.2, No.2, Jun. 2017

DOI: 10.1007/s41650-017-0022-x

Research paper

Link level performance comparison between

LTE V2X and DSRC

Jinling Hu

, Shanzhi Chen

, Li Zhao

, Yuanyuan Li

, Jiayi Fang

, Baozhu Li

, Yan Shi

1. State Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications, China Academy of Telecommunications

Technology, Beijing 100191, China

2. State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts

and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

Abstract: Applications of VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) have their own requirements and

challenges in wireless communication technology. Although regarded as the ﬁrst standard for VANETs, IEEE

802.11p is still in the ﬁeld-trial stage. Recently, LTE V2X (Long-Term Evolution Vehicular to X) appeared as

a systematic V2X solution based on TD-LTE (Time Division Long-Term Evolution) 4G. It is regarded as the

most powerful competitor to 802.11p. We conduct link level simulations of LTE V2X and DSRC (Dedicated

Short-Range Communication) for several diﬀerent types of scenarios. Simulation results show that LTE V2X

can achieve the same BLER (Block Error Ratio) with a lower SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) than DSRC. A more

reliable link can be guaranteed by LTE V2X, which can achieve the same BLER with lower receiving power

than DSRC. The coverage area of LTE V2X is larger than that of DSRC.

Keywords: LTE V2X, DSRC, link level simulation, frequency oﬀset estimation, VANET

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Citation: J. L. Hu, S. Z. Chen, L. Zhao, et al. Link level performance comparison between LTE V2X and

DSRC [J]. Journal of communications and information networks, 2017, 2(2): 101-112.

1 Introduction

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks have attracted much at-

tention from academia and industry recently owing

to the broad range of new applications of wireless

communication technologies. Existing V2V (Vehicle-

to-Vehicle) direct communication together with V2I

(Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) communication use wire-

less data communication between vehicles and be-

tween vehicles and RSUs (Road-Side Units). This

can signiﬁcantly decrease the number of accidents

on the roads. All kinds of applications are emerging.

Lane departure warning and assistance, cooperating

safety systems and emergency vehicle routing are ex-

amples of applications

[1]

These traﬃc safety related systems indicate an in-

creased number of requirements and challenges for

wireless communication. The unpredictable behav-

ior of wireless channels needs to be overcomed. In

addition, developers must cope with fast vehicular

movement, rapid topology changes in vehicular net-

works, and strict timing and reliability requirements.

Timing requirements can be deduced from the fact

that it is only relevant to communication about an

Manuscript received Jan. 25, 2017; accepted Apr. 18, 2017

This work is supported in part by the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China (No. 2017ZX03001014), the

National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 61425012) and the National Science Foundation Project (No.

61300183).

102 Journal of Communications and Information Networks

upcoming dangerous situation before the situation

is a fact, and perhaps can be avoided (e.g., report a

probable collision before the vehicles collide)

[2]

. One

thing we need to consider is how shared channels

should be fairly divided among vehicle nodes. This

is accomplished through MAC (Medium Access Con-

trol) mechanism. A lot of attention has been de-

voted to improving MAC performance by introduc-

ing diﬀerent QoS (Quality of Service) classes

[3]

. The

MAC layer is unlikely to need many diﬀerent ser-

vice classes. However, to ensure that time-critical

communication tasks meet their deadlines, the MAC

mechanism must ﬁrst provide a strict and ﬁnite ac-

cess time to the channel. Once channel access is

successful, diﬀerent coding strategies, retransmission

schemes, and diversity techniques can be used to

ﬁnish the required correctness and robustness. In-

formation delivered after the deadline is not only

useless but also wastes time and precious resources,

and poses severe consequences for traﬃc safety. This

problem has also been pointed out in Ref. [4].

Many wireless technologies can provide the wire-

less access required by vehicular Ad hoc communica-

tions. These technologies include cellular networks

(3G and 4G), traditional Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11p,

and even infrared communications

[5,6]

. Owing to

their small communication range, traditional Wi-

Fi and infrared communications are not appropriate

for supporting high mobility and frequent topology

changes

[5]

. Although people can use cellular net-

works, they suﬀer from low rates, high costs, and

long latencies. In these technologies, although IEEE

802.11p as the ﬁrst standard speciﬁcally for vehicular

networks has arisen, it has obvious weaknesses such

as hidden node problems, unbounded delays, low

reliability and intermittent V2I connectivity

[7-10]

From an industrial perspective, the wide deploy-

ment of IEEE 802.11p network infrastructure re-

quires huge investments. A lot of eﬀort has been

made by using LTE as a promising wireless technol-

ogy to support vehicular communications

[11,12]

Owing to its high penetration rate, high data

rate, large coverage, and comprehensive QoS sup-

porting, LTE has inherent advantages in support-

ing V2I communications. However, LTE faces severe

challenges when being applied in V2V communica-

tions for the following reasons: the heavy load caused

by safety-related and periodic messages strongly in-

ﬂuences LTE capacity and potentially disadvantages

traditional applications, and its centralized mode has

no support for V2V communications

[7]

. Extend-

ing LTE with direct communications between ve-

hicles will be a promising solution, because cellu-

lar and Ad hoc communications are suggested to be

complementary

[13,14]

Vehicular networks mainly provide safer, more

comfortable driving and traﬃc eﬃciency; however, if

we do not ensure the reliability (error probability) of

a system supported by a PHY (Physical) layer, the

beneﬁts of vehicular networks cannot be exploited

and utilized. We need to investigate the character-

istics of the PHY layer of LTE V2X and DSRC to

evaluate their BLER performance. In this paper, we

conduct a link level evaluation between LTE-V2X

and DSRC by using an extensive simulation. By

the evaluation based on simulation, we derive that

the performance of the PHY layer of LTE V2X is

obviously superior to that of DSRC with regard to

simulation parameters such as diﬀerent traveling ve-

locities and diﬀerent packet sizes.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows: A

comparison between LTE V2X and DSRC on the

physical level is discussed in section 2, which includes

the coding scheme and frequency oﬀset estimation

algorithm. In section 3 we conduct a simulation

and performance evaluation between LTE V2X and

DSRC in all kinds of scenarios including diﬀerent rel-

ative velocities and a fast fading model. Concluding

remarks and future work are given in section 4.

2 Comparison between LTE V2X and

DSRC

In the section, we mainly focus on a comparison be-

tween LTE V2X and DSRC on the physical level. In

the next section, we conduct link level simulations

on LTE V2X and DSRC to evaluate their link per-

formances in diﬀerent scenarios.

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