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Determination of human skin optical properties in vivo from refl...
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A novel approach has been proved to quickly and non-invasively determine the optical properties of human skin in vivo. It is based on the diffuse reflectance approximation model and subjected to the well established library of absorption spectra of water and hemoglobin. Under the nonlinear least-square algorithm, fitting the measured spectra in the range of 400-1000 nm to the diffusion approximation model, the reduced scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient of skin tissue can be quickl
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March 10, 2007 / Vol. 5, No. 3 / CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS 181
Determination of human skin optical properties in vivo
from ref lectance sp ectroscopic measurements
Hongqin Yang (
)
1,2
, Shusen Xie (
)
1,2
, Hui Li (
ÞÞÞ
)
1
, and Zukang Lu (
ÝÝÝ
ÜÜÜ
)
2
1
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education,
and Institute of Laser & Optoelectronics Tec hnology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007
2
State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027
Received August 23, 2006
A novel approach has been proved to quickly and non-invasively determine the optical properties of human
skin in vivo. It is based on the diffuse reflectance approximation model and subjected to the well established
library of absorption spectra of water and hemoglobin. Under the nonlinear least-square algorithm, fitting
the measured spectra in the range of 400—1000 nm to the diffusion approximation model, the reduced
scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient of skin tissue can be quickly determined in vivo.The
results show that this method is convenient and suitable for the real-time clinical application.
OCIS codes: 170.0170, 170.6930, 160.4760.
The quick determination of optical pr operties of tissue
in vivo is an important challenge in biomedical photon-
ics. Several methods, including time-resolved, spatial-
resolved, frequency domain and so on, have been devel-
oped in recent years
[1−5]
.Cheonget al.
[6]
reviewed the
methods for measuring and calculating the scattering
and absorption coefficients of tissue in detail. Some of
these metho ds can non-invasively specify the absorption
coefficient μ
a
and the reduced scattering coefficient μ
s
in vivo, which require that the obtained experimental
parameters should be sufficiently different so that they
can separately specify the two unknown parameters (μ
a
and μ
s
). For example, measurement of the escaping flux
from a tissue at different distances from the source, of-
ten called steady-state spatial resolved diffuse reflectance
R(ρ), is sufficient to specify the optical properties at one
wavelength of light. The disadvantage of steady-state
spatial resolved diffuse reflectance is that it must mea-
sure at least eight different radial distances on the tissue
surface, and the result is very susceptible to the random
noise. The time-resolved reflectance technique can also
non-invasively determine the optical tissue properties.
However, the measurement system of this technique is
very expensive
[5]
. Therefore, a method which can real-
time determine the optical tissue properties in vivo is
especially desired for the practical clinic application. Re-
cently, Zhang et al.
[7]
presented a method to retrieve
skin optical properties by total reflectance spectroscopy
for the diagnosis of port wine stain. Johns et al.
[8]
in-
vestigated the reduced scattering coefficient of tissue
phantom from reflectance spectroscopic measurement.
Jacques
[9]
also pointed out the possibility to quickly de-
termine the optical tissue properties using a fiber spec-
trometer. In this paper, a very convenient approach is
given to quickly deter mine the skin optical properties
in vivo using a simple optical fiber spectrophotometer.
This method realizes the determination of the optical
properties of living tissue, with the help of the library
of absorption spectra for water and hemoglobin and a
Mie-Rayleigh description of visible light scattering
[9−12]
.
In addition, the method can overcome noise since it fits
the data with known spectra over a wide band of wave-
lengths.
In this study, the optical properties of skin tissue,
namely the reduced scattering coefficient μ
s
and the ab-
sorption coefficient μ
a
can be quickly and non-invasively
determined in vivo. This convenient approach is to mea-
sure the transport of light from a source fiber to a collec-
tion fiber, which are put in a pipe, slightly contacting the
skin. The nonlinear least-square optimization method is
used to a nalyze the measurement results. The experi-
mental setup for reflectance spectroscopic measurement
is shown in Fig. 1, which consists of a tungsten-halogen
light source (LS-1, Ocean Optics, Inc.), focusing lens,
fiber optic probe, spectrometer (USB2000, Ocean Op-
tics, Inc.) with the spectral range of 400—1000 nm,
and an IBM laptop computer. The optical fiber probe
contains two 400-μm-diameter fibers for light delivery
and collection respectively. White light is focused into
an optical fiber, called the “source”, which delivers the
light to the skin surface as the fiber contacts slight ly the
skin. The second optical fiber, ca lled the “collector”, is
placed at a distance of 0.18 mm to the source fiber. The
collector fiber collects the diffused light from the skin,
and brings them to the spectral device which measures
the reflectance spectra range from 400 to 1000 nm. The
Fig. 1. Experimental setup for skin tissue reflectance spec-
troscopic measurement in vivo.
1671-7694/2007/030181-03
c
2007 Chinese Optics Letters
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