论文研究-电凝法处理制浆造纸工业废水资源-CSDN文库

纸浆工业

化学需氧量

需积分: 9 178 浏览量 2020-05-22 16:03:47 上传评论收藏 1.27MB PDF 举报

资源详情

资源评论

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2019, 11, 296-310

http://www.scirp.org/journal/jwarp

ISSN Online: 1945-3108

ISSN Print: 1945-3094

Remediation of Pulp and Paper Industry

Effluent Using Electrocoagulation

Process

Dushyant Kumar, Chhaya Sharma

Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur

Campus, Saharanpur, India

Abstract

Electrocoagulation of pulp and paper industry effluent with SS-

304 electrode

has been carried out under varying process variable such as pH, current den-

sity, time and dose of electrolyte to find out the optimum conditions. Maxi-

mum reduction efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 82% and

color more than 99% from pulp and paper industry wastewater at the follow-

ing conditions pH = 7, current density = 24.80 mA/cm

time = 40 min and

dose of electrolytes = 1.0 g/L. Moreover, effects of electrolytes dosage on elec-

tricity consumption were observed and found to be

that NaCl is better in

comparison of Na

in respect of lower down the electricity consumption.

But application of NaCl causes the formation of hazardous compounds as

secondary pollutants within treated water. Therefore, Na

could be a po-

tent replacement of NaCl to enhance the conductivity of paper industry ef-

fluent treated by EC process. The treated water has been compared with

standard of Central Pollution control board (CPCB) and World Health or-

ganization, and found to be suitable for the reuse in irrigation.

Keywords

Pulp Paper Industry, Electrocoagulation Treatment, Wastewater, Reuse,

Chemical Oxygen Demand, Color

1. Introduction

The manufacturer of paper fundamentally relies upon the natural resources such

as water, forest, agro-product, and fossil fuels (energy) for the production of pa-

per [1]. The huge amount of fresh water is consumed coarse of Pulp and paper

How to cite this paper:

Kumar, D. and

Sharma

, C. (2019)

Remediation of Pulp and

Paper Industry Effluent Using Ele

ctrocoa-

gulation

Process.

Journal of Water Resourc

and Protection

, 296-310.

https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2019.113017

Received:

February 2, 2019

Accepted:

March 12, 2019

Published:

March 15, 2019

9 by author(s) and

Scientific

Research Publishing Inc.

This work is

licensed under the Creative

Commons Attribution International

License (CC BY

4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Open Access

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2019.113017 Mar. 15, 2019 296 Journal of Water Resource and Protection

D. Kumar, C. Sharma

making process. These processes are preparation of wood, pulping, washing of

pulp and bleaching which releases large volume of effluent along with high or-

ganic load, COD, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), colorant and lower biode-

gradability index. The paper industry effluent is a complicated blend of more

than 250 organic and 700 inorganic chemicals [2]. Additionally, highly toxic

chemicals which are resistant to biodegradation and listed as prime contami-

nates by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) which are

related to severe health concern, generates mainly reaction between lignin and

chorine/chlorine based chemical still being used for the bleaching of pulp [3].

Chlorinated phenolic compounds such as chlorophenolics, chloro-hydrocarbon,

and fatty acid are also present in wastewater. Some of them

i.e.

chlorophenolics,

dioxin and furan show the higher toxicity. When this effluent is released without

appropriate treatment, it influences the negative effect on receiving water bodies

involving thermal impacts, low Dissolved Oxygen (DO), poor sunlight penetra-

tion, scum formation, slime growth, and harming the aesthetic and scenic beauty

of environment and disturbed the overall ecosystem. Some investigator reported

the toxic effect on fish present and growing in the water bodies containing paper

industry effluent. The Indian paper industry used mainly two-step treatment at

their treatment plants such as primary (sedimentation, floatation) and secondary

(activated sludge, anaerobic or aerobic process). These methods are failed to

meet the requirements of complete degradation of bio-refractory compounds,

COD and color including some drawback such as high treatment cost and gene-

rating high volume of sludge, which consequently may be responsible for sec-

ondary pollution. Hence, there is an urgent need to stop the formation or to

impose suitable measures for the degradation of these dreadful chemical by

modification in plant. Meanwhile an effective treatment facility is becoming a

necessity to remove these pollutants from wastewater [3] [4] [5] [6].

Nowadays electrocoagulation (EC) method has intensively attracted the re-

searchers from around the world due to its unique feature in comparison to the

chemical and biological treatment facility. EC process exhibits environmental

compatibility, proper setup, shorter reaction time, meager chemical requirement

along with negligible generation of sludge [7]. The main acting reagents in this

process are electrons which are clean reagent [8]. Recently, EC method has been

considered as an advanced oxidation process and successfully applied for treat-

ment of the different types of industry effluent including organics matter, phe-

nolic compounds, potato chips manufacturing unit, methylparathion from tex-

tile unit, colorants from dye solutions, oil suspensions, and fluorides [9]-[15].

When the direct current is supplied between anode and cathode, the metal plates

dissipate and release the positive hydroxide ions at desired pH [16]. In the

present investigation, stainless steel (SS)-304 has been used as electrode material.

When oxidation occurred at Fe anode, it may produces iron hydroxide,

Fe(OH)

, where

= 2 or 3. The mechanisms for the production of Fe(OH)

the process is given as follows:

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2019.113017 297 Journal of Water Resource and Protection

D. Kumar, C. Sharma

At anode:

( ) ( )

s aq

Fe Fe 2e

+−

→−

(1)

( )

(

)

(

)

( )

aq 2 s

Fe 2 OH Fe OH

+→

(2)

At cathode:

(

) (

)

I 2 g aq

2H O 2e H 2OH

−−

+→ +

(3)

Overall reaction:

( )

(

)

(

)

( )

s I 2g

Fe 2H O Fe OH H

+→ +

(4)

These Fe(OH)

metal ions behave as coagulant or destabilize the pollutants

present in wastewater by charge neutralization and having a great potential to

separate them by electro-flotation. In recent years, the EC process has usually

been used for the separation of pollutants present in different types of water and

wastewater [7] [17] [18]. As for increasing environmental awareness and strict-

ness in polices, force to adopt integrative management practice for wastewater

treatment. On the other hand, research related to wastewater treatment and

reuse is poorly reported. As per our knowledge very hardly any study has been

conducted to develop the optimum treatment conditions and suggestion of reu-

sability of EC treated water for irrigation. The aims of this work to determine the

optimum condition correspondence to the maximum COD and color removal

from paper industry waste effluent. Further, find out an alternative option for

the utilization of treated water in agriculture.

2. Material and Methods

2.1. Characteristics of Effluent

The wastewater has been collected after primary treatment from nearby paper

industry followed by immediate storage at temperature below than 4˚C. The

analysis of the samples for several parameters such as pH, BOD

, COD TOC,

color and TDS were performed as per standard method [5] and observation are

given in

Table 1. The conductivity and pH of the effluent have been performed

by a digital conductivity meter and calibrated pH meter, respectively. The treat-

ment efficiency (TE) was also determined in terms of maximum COD and color

elimination percentage from effluent by the following equation;

( )

Treatment efficiency TE% 100

C CC×−=

(5)

where,

TE = Treatment efficiency (%),

= Initial concentration of pollutants,

concentration of pollutants after time (

( )

Total Energy consumption kWh m

Treated volume

VIt

(6)

where,

= Volume potential of electricity (V),

= Current (ampere),

= time of

treatment (h) and

is the treated volume in liter [19].

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2019.113017 298 Journal of Water Resource and Protection

剩余14页未读，继续阅读

评论收藏

内容反馈

论文研究 - 电凝法处理制浆造纸工业废水

评论0

最新资源

论文研究 - 电凝法处理制浆造纸工业废水

评论0

最新资源

相关推荐

论文研究 - 电凝法纸浆造纸废水的生态修复及其在农业中的应用

论文研究 - 工业废水处理技术评论与选择指南

论文研究-工业废水处理站中自动化监控系统的研发 .pdf

论文研究 - 电絮凝技术在废水处理中的应用前景

论文研究 - 减少电凝过程中消毒副产物形成的策略

论文研究 - 铁铝电极电凝聚工艺处理制革废水。

论文研究 - 响应面法优化电凝工艺去除二元染料混合物并估算运营成本

论文研究 - 消毒机理中的电凝过程

论文研究 - 铝为牺牲阳极的电絮凝工艺去除纺织厂废水中的活性染料

论文研究 - 通过电流密度分布（CDD）了解电凝过程

电子政务-废水处理用电凝设备.zip

论文研究 - 消毒水：去除冠状病毒的血浆放电

电凝并技术脱除PM2.5的研究现状及发展方向

电子功用-微电凝膜分离污水处理设备

电子政务-双极电凝剪.zip

电子政务-双极电凝钳.zip

电子政务-双极电凝镊.zip

电子政务-双极电凝钩.zip

电子政务-双极电凝铲.zip

电子政务-多点电凝止血器.zip

电子政务-双极电凝分离钳.zip

Qt 5实现串口调试助手 （源工程文件、0积分下载）

【SystemVerilog】路科验证V2学习笔记（全600页）.pdf

AutoSAR标准协议4.2.2

光伏-储能并网系统仿真.rar

GD32替换STM32注意事项.pdf

XCP协议的规范文档

NPPJSONViewer.zip

CANoe通过CAPL脚本实现自动测试

Qt 5实现串口调试助手（源工程文件、0积分下载）