轴力质量和量子信息
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Physics Letters B 786 (2018) 1–4
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Axion mass and quantum information
Andrei T. Patrascu
ELI-NP, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului St, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
8 May 2018
Received
in revised form 31 August 2018
Accepted
17 September 2018
Available
online 19 September 2018
Editor:
N. Lambert
I present a novel way of linking the shift in the axion mass due to non-perturbative gravitational effects
and the quantum information interpretation of the holographic principle. The main result of this article
is a novel way of expressing the shift in the axion mass by means of properties of the tensor network
used in the construction of the quantum information interpretation of the holographic principle. Indeed
it appears that the axion mass shift can be seen as a geometric property of the holographic bulk en-
tanglement.
Moreover, the explicit breaking of the continuous Peccei–Quinn symmetry by gravitational
instantons can be regarded as a result of including tensors encoding gauge fields on the holographic
bulk tensor network. The origin of the mass of light scalars can therefore be associated to entanglement
properties leading to a new connection between mass and quantum information.
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
Axions play a crucial role in our understanding of various
mechanisms both in astrophysics [1] and cosmology [2]. They also
appear naturally in string theory and are required by the Peccei
Quinn mechanism in solving the strong CP problem [3]. Beyond
their astrophysical relevance as a mechanism of cooling for neu-
tron
stars [4] and as a candidate for light dark matter, axions are
particularly important as their presence allows for wormhole so-
lutions
[5]. Such solutions, involving gravitational instantons seen
from an Euclidean perspective allow us to analyse non-perturbative
gravitational effects by looking into topology changing effects in-
duced
by the transition R
3
→ R
3
× S
3
considering the addition
of the S
3
section of the wormhole throat. As pseudo-Goldstone
bosons, axions obtain their small mass from explicit breaking of
the Peccei Quinn symmetry. I show here that the terms capable
of producing such masses appear naturally in the tensor network
describing entanglement on wormhole geometries. In this way a
previously unexplored connection between the origin of mass and
quantum entanglement is presented. Beyond its fundamental rele-
vance
as a new way of understanding the origin of certain types of
masses, such a connection between entanglement and the mass of
pseudo-Goldstone bosons presents itself as a new way of under-
standing
high-critical temperature superconductors derived from
an approximate SO(5) symmetry as discussed in [12]. In this case
too, aside of spontaneous symmetry breaking [13], the explicit
E-mail addresses: andrei.patrascu.11@ucl.ac.uk, andrei.patrascu@eli-np.ro.
breaking of a symmetry must be explained and the mechanisms
proposed in the literature lack a sufficiently universal approach.
Adding quantum entanglement effects as a source of explicit sym-
metry
breaking and a mechanism for mass production will there-
fore
impact both fundamental high energy physics and effective
condensed matter phenomenology. On the holographic side, re-
cent
studies [6]have shown that we can interpret bulk boundary
dualities in terms of quantum error correction codes. The infor-
mation
on the boundary represents a physical expression of the
logical bulk information which encodes the required state in a
robust way, such that accidental erasures of the boundary qubits
are compensated by the bulk encoding prescriptions. A particular
way of analysing this phenomenon has been provided in ref. [7]
by
employing holographic tensor networks with the tensors de-
fined
as isometric maps between holographic states described by
Hilbert spaces within the bulk. Indeed, using this representation
it was possible to re-derive the Ryu–Takayanagi formula and to
compute various results related to entanglement entropy in a holo-
graphic
context [8]. However, what is of interest in this paper is
the holographic tensor network construction of a wormhole geom-
etry.
This can be obtained by introducing black holes in the central
part of the holographic tensor network. This implies removing the
central tensor and hence obtaining more free bulk indices which
then can be connected to the corresponding free bulk indices ob-
tained
similarly on another similar region through the central black
hole. A wormhole formed in this way explicitly breaks the Pec-
cei
Quinn U (1) symmetry on each side while preserving the axion
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.09.036
0370-2693/
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.
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