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Experimental investigation on pulse-contrast

degradation caused by surface reflection in optical

parametric chirped-pulse amplification

Xinliang Wang (王新亮)

1,2,3

, Xiaoming Lu (陆效明)

, Xiaoyang Guo (郭晓杨)

Rongjie Xu (许荣杰)

, and Yuxin Leng (冷雨欣)

2,3,

School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan

*Corresponding author: lengyuxin@mail.siom.ac.cn

Received January 3, 2018; accepted April 3, 2018; posted online April 27, 2018

In this Letter, we experimentally explore the pulse-contrast degradation caused by surface reflection in optical

parameter chirped-pulse amplification. Different pump-to-signal conversion efficiencies and post-pulses with

different intensities are obtained by changing the seed-pulse or pump-pulse energy and inserting etalons with

different reflection coefficients, respectively. The contrast measurements show that the generated first pre-pulse

intensity is proportional to the product of the surface reflection intensity ratio and the square of the

pump-to-signal conversion efficiency.

OCIS codes: 190.4410, 320.7110.

doi: 10.3788/COL201816.053201.

The development of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA)

[1]

and optical parametric CPA (OPCPA)

[2–4]

technology pro-

vides an extreme tool to study laser–matter interactions in

the relativistic regimes with on-target intensity exceeding

W∕cm

. So far, several 5 PW level laser systems have

been built among the world based on either CPA

[5,6]

OPCPA

[4]

technology. Compared with CPA, OPCPA

has many advantages, such as high single-pass gain,

broadband gain bandwidth, and low thermal loading ef-

fects. These features make it a very attractive technique

to generate ultra-short laser pulses in multi-petawatt

(PW) laser systems.

During the amplification of laser pulses, the pulse con-

trast may be degraded significantly, which is caused by

isolated pre-pulses or by a slowly varying pedestal after

pulse recompression. Since the intensity of noise above

the ionization threshold of the solid target could ionize

the target before the main pulse arrives, which would rad-

ically modify the laser–plasma interaction processes

[7]

, the

corresponding experiments require high contrast

[8]

. Basi-

cally, the long-time-range pedestal is usually caus ed by

the amplified spontaneous emission (in CPA systems)

[9]

or parametric fluorescence (in OPCPA systems)

[10]

gener-

ated in the amplified process, which could be overcome by

injecting a high-energy, high-contrast seed, or the high-

frequency noise pedestal generated in the stretcher, which

could be improved by avoiding the far-field high-frequency

noise

[11]

. The pre-pulses are usually transformed from the

post-pulses caused by surface reflection of the optical com-

ponents in laser systems. Generally, there exist several

generation mechanisms about the pre-pulses. In some am-

plifiers, such as a regenerative amplifier or a double-pass

amplifier, some post-pulses may experience different paths

with the main pulse, therefore, they go ahead of the main

pulse and become pre-pulses

[12]

. This case can be avoided

by carefully designing the amplifier or using wedged opti-

cal components. Didenko et al. have reported that the

post-pulses can also lead to pre-pulses under the nonlinear

effect in the amplification process

[13]

. Recently, Qian

et al. have theoretically studied a novel mechanism of

surface-reflection-initiated pulse-contrast degradation in

an OPCPA system by an analytical approach together

with numerical simulations

[14]

. According to their analysis,

the pre-pulses are initiated from the surface-reflectio n-

induced modulation of the seed spectrum and occur as

a consequence of high-order distortion of such modulated

spectrum. The intensity of the first pre-pulse increases

quadratically with the initial temporal modulation depth

of the stretched signal pulse, as well as the conversion ef-

ficiency prior to substantial pump dep letion. However,

they have not presented the experimental results to sup-

port it.

In this Letter, we perform the experimental investiga-

tions, which verify that the post-pulses may lead to the

pre-pulses in an OPCPA system. Our experiments are

carried out in a high-contrast 1053 nm laser system. To

investigate the relation between the post- and generated

pre-pulse, etalons with different reflection ratios are used

to generate post-pulses with different intensities. Besides,

the pump and seed intensities are also changed during the

experiment to vary the pump-to-signal conversion effi-

ciency. The experimental results reveal that the intensity

of the generated first pre-pulse is proportional to the prod-

uct of the intensity ratio of the surface reflection and the

COL 16(5), 053201(2018) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS May 10, 2018

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