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Terahertz wave generation via pre-ionized air plasma

Kai Kang (康凯)

, Liangliang Zhang (张亮亮)

*, Tong Wu (吴同)

, Kai Li (李凯)

and Cunlin Zhang (张存林)

Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz

Spectroscopy and Imaging, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics,

Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Inst rument and Technology, School of Optics and

Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Daheng New Epoch Technology Inc., Beijing 100085, China

*Corresponding author: zhlliang@126.com

Received August 13, 2018; accepted September 27, 2018; posted online November 1, 2018

We report the terahertz (THz) wave generation from a single-color scheme modulated by pre-ionized air plasma

via an orthogonal pumping geometry. It is found that the amplitude of the THz signal generated by the pump

beam tends to decrease gradually with the increase of the modulation power. We believe that the ponderomotive

force plays an important role in the process of the interaction between the pump beam and the pre-ionization

beam. The hydrostatic state of the electrostatic separation field caused by the modulation beam will directly

affect the generation efficiency of the THz wave. Our results contribute to further understanding of the theo-

retical mechanism and expanding of the practical applications of THz wave generation and modulation.

OCIS codes: 040.2235, 350.5400, 300.6380.

doi: 10.3788/COL201816.110401.

With the research of terahertz (THz) waves, the methods

of generating THz waves mainly include a photoconduc-

tive antenna

[1–3]

, optical rectification

[4,5]

, and laser-induced

air plasma

[6–8]

. For the photoconductive antenna and non-

linear optical crystal, the THz signal intensity increases

with rise of the input energy of the pump laser and is ham-

pered by the damage threshold of the materials. This

problem has been solved since air ionization was involved

in the THz wave generation process

[9,10]

. THz wave gene r-

ation from laser-induced air plasma has been an exciting

research field due to its potential applications in nonde-

structive examination, security imaging, ultrabroadband

communication, THz nonlinear optics, and so on

[11–19]

Laser-induced air plasma methods can be divided into

two types: a single-color laser field that directly ionizes

air to produce THz waves, which was proposed by

Hamster et al. in 1993

[20]

, and a two-color laser field

that ionizes air to generate THz waves

[21–23]

. In 2011,

Geints et al. believed that, in gases, the high-density

plasma emerged because the medium photoionization pre-

vents the beam from collapsing and light filaments are

formed inside the laser beam

[24]

In this Letter, we selected a single-color scheme to dem-

onstrate the effects of pre-ionized plasma on THz wave

generation via an orthogonal pumping geometry. The

pre-ionization beam (modulation beam) was focused per-

pendicularly to the pump beam at the same point and the

THz signal was detected in the direction of the pump

beam. The hydrodynamic model was adopted to analyze

the THz modulation effect.

The experiment setup is schematically shown in

Fig.

1. The laser beam was delivered by a regenerative

p-polarized Ti:sapphire amplifier with a 50 fs pulse dura-

tion, a central wavelength of 800 nm, a 1 kHz repetition

rate, and a total power of 5.2 W. The laser beam was

divided by a beam splitter into two parts with the power

of 1.8 W and 3.5 W respectively. The 800 nm laser with a

power of 1.8 W was divided by a 94/6 beam splitter. The

lower-power part was used as the probe beam, and the

relative time delay between the probe and the pump

beams was adjusted by a linear translation stage (not

shown in the figure). The higher-power part was used

as the pump beam (‘Pump’ in the figure), which was fo-

cused directly by a convex lens with a focal length of

150 mm to produce air plasma and generate a THz wave

in the forward direction. The forward THz wave was col-

lected, collimated, and refocused by a pair of off-axis para-

bolic mirrors (PMs) with a 4 inch (1 inch = 2.54 cm)

equivalent focal length. The THz wave was finally focused

Fig. 1. Experimental setup. L: convex lens. PM: parabolic

mirror.

COL 16(11), 110401(2018) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS November 10, 2018

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