J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid 10, 15036 (2015) www.jeos.org
Compensation of phase nonlinearity of liquid crystal
spatial light modulator for high-resolution wavefront
correction
H. Zhang
zhxlj2004@163.com
Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology
H. Zhou Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology
J. Li Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology
Y. J. Qiao Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology
J. Si Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology
W. Gao Institute of Photonics and Optical Fiber Technology, Harbin University of Science and Technology, No.
52 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
The ability of phase modulation enables liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) to control wavefront. However, the disadvantage of
its inherent nonlinear phase response will decrease the wavefront control accuracy. In this paper, a compensation for the nonlinear phase
response is proposed based on Inverse Interpolation method. Characteristic curve of phase retardation versus gray levels for a 256×256
pixels phase-only LCSLM has been measured and calibrated by Inverse Interpolation. A mapping relationship between input gray levels and
driving gray levels has been built and recorded by a linear look-up table ANTI2.LUT. The nonlinear error of the phase drops from 15.9% to
2.42% by using ANTI2.LUT. Further more, the mapping curve of ANTI2.LUT is almost consistent with 290.LUT from the manufacturer, which
proved the efficiency of the compensation of phase nonlinearity. Finally, the distorted wavefront caused by a liquid crystal flake is corrected
using LCSLM based on ANTI2.LUT. Experimental results show that the peak-valley value of the distorted wavefront decreases from 1.56λ to
0.26λ (λ = 0.6328 µm), the root-mean-square value decreases from 0.25λ to 0.02λ and the Strehl ratio of diffractive spots increases from
0.08 to 0.97. So LCSLM can be applied to realize high-precision and high-resolution wavefront correction with linear phase response.
[DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2971/jeos.2015.15036]
Keywords: Wavefront correction, phase nonlinearity compensation, inverse interpolation, liquid crystal spatial light modulator
1 INTRODUCTION
Liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) is regarded as
a perfect wavefront controller because of its advantages such
as low-power consumption, high-resolution, non-mechanical
and programming control. As a dynamic diffraction device,
LCSLM has wide applications in adaptive optics [1, 2],
laser beam shaping and scan [3]–[7], real-time hologram
display [8, 9] and holographic optical tweezers [10, 11].
However, the inherent nonlinearity of phase versus gray
level addressed by LCSLM limits its performance in these
applications. Especially in the field of adaptive optics, when
LCSLM is used as a wavefront corrector, phase nonlinearity
leads to the complex transform of feedback signals, which will
reduce the data processing efficiency and further introduce
a transform error. To overcome the existed shortage, most
manufacturers of LCSLMs have already provided linear look-
up tables (LUTs) to meet the requirement for linear driving.
However, after many times of operation, the linear look-up
tables should be calibrated again to meet the precision
requirement. Therefore, it is necessary for users to develop a
phase nonlinearity compensation method independently for
high-precision wavefront correction.
A method of Gamma correction is a mature method for liq-
uid crystal displays [12, 13]. In order to satisfy the subjective
sense of human eyes to object light, it is necessary to gener-
ate a power function relationship between the output light
intensity E(x, y) and input signal D in the liquid crystal dis-
play, which is called a Gamma curve. It can be expressed as
E(x, y ) = D
γ
. But the actual curve of liquid crystal transmit-
tance versus control voltages show a S-shaped distribution. So
the Gamma correction curve can be obtained by a nonlinear
transformation of reverse S-shaped point by point. Gamma
correction needs a long time-consuming and is not suitable
for phase-only LCSLM which asks a linear driving relation-
ship between the phase retardation and the control voltage. In
addition, another simple method of phase nonlinear compen-
sation is an approximate correction method for the phase-only
LCSLM [14, 15]. An approximate linear length of the curve of
the phase retardation versus control voltage can be chosen as
the linear work curve. The approximate linear curve can be
directly used to drive LCSLM without setting the linear LUT.
However, the resolution of control commands cannot meet
the requirement of high-resolution phase control. Except for
Received May 10, 2015; revised ms. received June 20, 2015; published July 12, 2015 ISSN 1990-2573
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